In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, the county borough was abolished and its area combined with that of other districts to form the Metropolitan Borough of Sunderland in Tyne and Wear. [20] His experiences are described in his book, No stranger to the P45.[21]. The Cinema was taken over by the Empire Multiplex Cinema Company in mid 2006. The services were withdrawn due to a change of franchise which saw the First TransPennine Express route gain a franchise in its own right, distinct from the Regional Railways network which Arriva had inherited. Sunderland is divided by the River Wear which passes through the middle of the city in a deeply incised valley, part of which is known as the Hylton gorge. You can explore what these core themes represent whilst discovering our smart city successes and future plans as you navigate our case studies , news and knowledge centre . Average rainfall is below the UK national average due to an east coast location. [24] Fishing was the main commercial activity at the time: mainly herring in the 13th century, then salmon in the 14th and 15th centuries. Robert Stephenson helped the engineers. On the south side of the river, the old Vaux Brewery site has been cleared so that new houses, shops and offices can be built close to the city centre. When an army from Scotland came to fight the King, its base was set up in Sunderland. Catholic. The National Cycle Network National Route 1 runs from Ryhope in the south, through the centre of the city and then along the coast towards South Shields. 11 of the 25 wards featuring in the list of the 2000 most deprived wards in England. Up-market residential apartments were developed, including the Echo 24 building.[139]. The borough had a population of 275,400 at the time of the 2011 census, with the majority of the population (174,286) residing in Sunderland. The town is bounded by the Tyne & Wear Green Belt,[118] with its portion in much of its surrounding rural area of the borough. [citation needed]. Sunderland's longest stadium occupancy so far was of Roker Park for 99 years beginning in 1898, with relocation taking place due to the stadium's confined location and the need to build an all-seater stadium. The Jewish community has been shrinking since the mid 20th century. However, as well as including the Sunderland it also includes a number of surrounding towns and villages, such as Washington, Houghton-le-Spring and Hetton-le-Hole. )[56], Demands for democracy and organised town government saw the three parishes incorporated as the Borough of Sunderland in 1835. Corning Glass Works, in Sunderland for 120 years, closed on 31 March 2007[159] and in January 2007, the Pyrex manufacturing site also closed,[160] bringing to an end commercial glass-making in the city. It became a regular gathering place for merchants conducting business, and the public rooms on the first floor were available for public functions when not being used for meetings of the Commissioners. He wrote most of Jabberwocky at Whitburn as well as "The Walrus and the Carpenter". [18] There is a statue to Carroll in Whitburn library. [45], Local potteries also flourished in the mid-19th century, again making use of raw materials (white clay and stone) being brought into Sunderland as ballast on ships. As a result, Sunderland's coastline is likely slightly milder given the more southerly position. This is known as salt panning. Images provided copyright free with some Images from David M Allan photography. [14] This meant it never had the problem of allowing people to cross the river without stopping high masted vessels. [citation needed], In Autumn 2007, the Southern Radial Route was opened. [82], The asphyxiation of 183 children aged between three and 14 is the worst disaster of its kind in British history. The Sunderland dialect also has several variations between different areas of the city, as demonstrated when the hoax tapes purporting to be of the Yorkshire Ripper were analysed. Carroll's connection with Sunderland, and the area's history, is documented in Bryan Talbot's 2007 graphic novel Alice in Sunderland. [95] In 1986 Japanese car manufacturer Nissan opened its Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK factory in Washington, which has since become the UK's largest car factory. Since 2001 Sunderland has been named the best new university in England by The Guardian and Government performance indicators showed Sunderland as the best new university in England for the quality, range and quantity of its research. There was intense rivalry between the ports of Sunderland and Newcastle when the two towns took opposing sides in the Civil War. A third bridge carries the A19 trunk road over the Wear to the West of the City. In the Sunderland borough boundary, as well as the aforementioned areas, landscape features and facilities such as much of the River Don and Wear basins, the George Washington Hotel Golf and Spa complex, Sharpley Golf Course, Herrington Country Park, Houghton Quarry and Penshaw Hill are within the green belt area. ; Hylton Riverside Retail Park, a large shopping outlet centre at. The river berths are deepwater and tidal, while the South Docks are entered via a lock with an 18.9-metre (62ft) beam restriction.[186]. From 1998 to 2004, Northern Spirit and subsequently Arriva Trains Northern ran two-hourly direct trains from Sunderland to Liverpool Lime Street via Durham, Darlington, York, Leeds and Manchester. In 2006, Grand Central announced plans to operate a direct service between Sunderland and London King's Cross via York, a service which had been stripped from Wearside twenty years earlier. [146] Public School. established as the Wearside area's greatest claim to sporting fame. [43] By 1815 it was 'the leading shipbuilding port for wooden trading vessels' with 600 ships constructed that year across 31 different yards. In 2008, it was joined by the Sunderland Aquatic Centre. [100] Like many cities, Sunderland comprises a number of areas with their own distinct histories, Fulwell, Monkwearmouth, Roker, and Southwick on the northern side of the Wear, and Bishopwearmouth and Hendon to the south. The internet address of any websites which have linked you directly to our site. There are two definitions for Sunderland. The last coal mine closed in 1994. We follow Christ, our Good Shepherd, and witness to our faith in the manner we live our lives and in how we engage with the world around us. [42] By 1788 Sunderland was Britain's fourth largest port (by measure of tonnage) after London, Newcastle and Liverpool; among these it was the leading coal exporter (though it did not rival Newcastle in terms of home coal trade). As with most UK east-coast towns, Sunderland sometimes gets sea fog known locally as Fret. We follow Christ, our Good Shepherd, and witness to our faith in the manner we live our lives and in how we engage with the world around us. The Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service covers the five boroughs only. The Port of Sunderland was significantly expanded in the 1850s with the construction of Hudson Dock to designs by River Wear Commissioner's Engineer John Murray, with consultancy by Robert Stephenson. In 2009, the race will be relaunched as the Great North 10K Run, allowing male competitors to take part for the first time, on 12 July. [212] After relegations from the FA Premier League and the EFL Championship, the club has played four consecutive seasons in EFL League One, but will again play in the EFL Championship in the 2022-23 season following their promotion in 2021-22. Since major boundary changes in 2010, there are three constituencies covering the City of Sunderland, all currently regarded as safe for the Labour Party: In the 1992, 1997, 2001 and 2005 General Elections, the former Sunderland South constituency was the first to declare the results, and the tradition was continued by the new Houghton and Sunderland South seat in 2010 and 2015. As the traditional industries have declined, electronics, chemicals, and paper making have replaced them. In 1589, salt making started in Sunderland. As a Catholic school it is under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle . [194] More recently, Sunderland-born Terry Deary, writer of the series of Horrible Histories books, has achieved fame and success, and many others such as thriller writer Sheila Quigley, are following his lead.[195]. We are never alone in our struggles, for the Spirit helps us in our weakness, binds us together and gives us the grace to build up Gods kingdom here and now. [55] The first victim, William Sproat, died on 23 October 1831. It was the first British town to be affected by 'Indian cholera' epidemic. [110] It closed in November 2021, following the opening of a new City Hall on the former Vaux Brewery redevelopment site. [81] The children surged down the stairs and those at the front were trapped and crushed by the weight of the crowd behind them. [92] It houses a comprehensive collection of the locally produced Sunderland Lustreware pottery. On average, it is around 80metres above sea level. St. Andrew's Roker, so-called "Cathedral of the Arts and Crafts Movement", contains work by William Morris, Ernest Gimson and Eric Gill. Several of these are historic, including Mowbray Park, Roker Park and Barnes Park. [203], The Royalty Theatre on Chester Road is the home to the amateur Royalty Theatre Group who also put on a number of low-budget productions throughout the year. (i) Check the unrestricted sprawl of the built up area of Sunderland;(ii) Assist in safeguarding the city's countryside from further encroachment;(iii) Assist in the regeneration of the urban area of the city;(iv) Preserve the setting and special character of Springwell Village;(iv) Prevent the merging of Sunderland with Tyneside, Washington, Houghton-le-Spring and Seaham, and the merging of Shiney Row with Washington, Chester-le-Street and Bournmoor. Sunderland has two local newspapers: the daily evening tabloid The Sunderland Echo, founded in 1873, and the Sunderland Stara free newspaper. [197], It also has its own commercial station, Sun FM, formerly an independent station but now owned by Nation Broadcasting who acquired the station from the UKRD Group, a student-led community radio station, Spark, and a hospital radio station Radio Sunderland for Hospitals, and can receive other north-eastern independent radio stations Metro Radio, Greatest Hits North East, Capital North East and Smooth Radio North East. [155] Competition from overseas caused a downturn in demand for Sunderland built ships toward the end of the 20th century. The Manor Quay, the students' union on the campus of the University of Sunderland has also hosted the Arctic Monkeys, Maxmo Park, 911, the Levellers and Girls Aloud in the past three years. The National Glass Centre on Liberty Way also exhibits a number of glass sculptures. The centre has never been as successful as hoped.[28]. Sunderland Museum and Winter Gardens, on Borough Road, was the first publicly funded museum in the country outside London. [2][3][4] The term originated as recently as the early 1980s; its use and acceptance by residents, particularly among the older generations, is not universal. In 1794 a lighthouse was built at the seaward end, by which time around half the pier had been enclosed in masonry;[38] it was completed in 1802. Most of the suburbs of Sunderland are situated towards the west of the city centre with 70% of its population living on the south side of the river and 30% on the north side. It is the largest theatre in between Edinburgh and London,[citation needed] and completed a comprehensive refurbishment in 2004. Thus control over economic development, of the Museums and Archive Service, of the Tyne and Wear Fire and Civil Defence Authority and of the Passenger Transport Authority is exercised not by committees of directly elected county councillors but by nominees chosen by the elected members of the five district authorities. The Sunderland Stadium of Light, home to Sunderland AFC, is recognised internationally as a major stadium concert venue. It is the seventh safest place to live in the UK. This stopped the Newcastle coal trade and allowed the Sunderland coal trade to grow. This is why he is often called The father of English history. [65], In 185056 a half-tidal sea-entrance was constructed at the south-east corner of the dock, protected by a pair of breakwaters, to allow larger ships to enter the dock direct from the North Sea. [7] The town started to trade coal and salt with ships starting to be built on the river in the 14th century. We wish Fr Marc well in his new appointment. After 99 years at the historic Roker Park stadium,[103] the club moved to the 42,000-seat Stadium of Light on the banks of the River Wear in 1997. There are plenty of schools for all levels of education in Sunderland. The Royalty Theatre is the home to the (amateur) Royalty Theatre group who also put on a number of low-budget productions throughout the year. The least ethnically diverse wards are in the north of the city. The University of Sunderland Catholic Chaplaincy is a place for all students to explore and grow. Monkwearmouth was settled shortly after the unification of the kingdoms of, The Thornholme ward no longer existed in the, Sunderland: the Complete Record / Rob Mason. Sunderland Polytechnic was founded in 1969, becoming the University of Sunderland in 1992. It also means standing up for the downtrodden and working for the end of injustice in all its forms. The City of Sunderland (/sndrlnd/) is a metropolitan borough with city status in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, North East England. Sunderland is in North East England. The scheme will improve transport links around the city ensuring continuous dual carriageway between the A19 road and the port of Sunderland. [28], Both salt and coal continued to be exported through the 17th century, but the coal trade grew significantly (23,000 tons of coal were exported from Sunderland in the year 1600; by 1680 this had increased to 180,000 tons). [29], In 1634 a charter was granted by Bishop Thomas Morton, which incorporated the inhabitants of the 'antient borough' of Sunderland as the 'Mayor, Aldermen and Commonality' of the Borough and granted the privilege of a market and an annual fair. Other: 14%. This ward, which included Eden Vale, Thornhill, as well as parts of Hendon, Ashbrooke and the city centre, has long been the focus of Wearside's Bangladeshi community. Monkwearmouth is one of eighteen Partnerships which were formally established by Bishop Samus at Pentecost in 2017. The National Glass Centre on Liberty Way also exhibits a number of glass sculptures. In recent years, a thriving underground music scene in Sunderland has helped the likes of Smalltown Heroes, The futureheads, Field Music, and more recently Frankie & The Heartstrings gain national recognition. [33] However, Washington F.C. Headlining acts have included Oasis, Take That, Pink, Kings of Leon, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Coldplay, Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, Bon Jovi, Rihanna, One Direction, Foo Fighters and Beyonce. Religion. Phone. The last coal mine closed in 1994. [46], In 1719, the parish of Sunderland was carved from the densely populated east end of Bishopwearmouth by the establishment of a new parish church, Holy Trinity Church, Sunderland (today also known as Sunderland Old Parish Church). [10] During the final phase of the Stone Age, the Neolithic period (c. 4000 c. 2000 BC), Hastings Hill, on the western outskirts of Sunderland, was a focal point of activity and a place of burial and ritual significance. The Sunderland Empire Theatre, opened in 1907, is the largest theatre in the North East, reopened in December 2004 following a major redevelopment allowing it to stage West End shows such as Miss Saigon, Starlight Express and My Fair Lady, all of which have been performed at the Empire. Jesus laid the foundations of the Church when he gathered the twelve apostles and a community of followers around him. [8], After the 2019 Sunderland City Council election, Sunderland became one of the few British councils with all five major parties represented. Following a series of consolidations in the British Brewing industry, however, the brewery was finally closed in July 1999. The land was subject to dispute between supermarket chain Tesco, who bought the site in 2001, and Sunderland arc, who submitted plans for its redevelopment in 2002. Google. As with the coal-mining and shipbuilding, overseas competition has forced the closure of all of Sunderland's glass-making factories. To communicate or ask something with the place, the Phone number is +44 191 567 5354 . With the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Sunderland was a key target of the German Luftwaffe, who claimed the lives of 267 people[92] in the town, caused damage or destruction to 4,000 homes,[93] and devastated local industry. For instance, the Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive, better known by its brand name Nexus, is now an executive body of the North East Combined Authority. Independent, a city-centre nightclub/music venue, satisfies underground music lovers. It also hosts a large ice rink in Mowbray Park, which is part of the wider, regional North East Winter Festival. But some fine old buildings remain. The former shipyard areas along the River Wear have also been transformed. Although the city does not have a Cathedral, as it is located in the Diocese of Durham, it does have Sunderland Minster. Later, Thomas Elliot Harrison (chief engineer to the North Eastern Railway) made plans to carry the railway across the river; the Wearmouth Railway Bridge (reputedly 'the largest Hog-Back iron girder bridge in the world') opened in 1879. [166], Sunderland College is a further education establishment with campuses located at the Bede centre on Durham Road, Hylton, Doxford International Business Park and 'Phoenix House' in the city centre. In 2013 local band Frankie and The Heartstrings opened a temporary pop up record store in the city, Pop Recs Ltd.[201] Initially only intended to remain open for a fortnight, the store remains open and has hosted live performances from acts including The Cribs, The Vaccines and The Charlatans. The National Glass Centre on Liberty Way also exhibits a number of glass sculptures. By 1936 the club had been league champions on five occasions. The initial relocation plan had been for a stadium to be situated alongside the Nissan factory, but these were abandoned in favour of the Stadium of Light at Monkwearmouth on the site of a colliery that had closed at the end of 1993.[32]. At 3,874 hectares, Sunderland is the 45th largest[citation needed] urban area in England by measure of area, with a population density of 45.88 people per hectare. The 'Award-Winning' St Peter's Riverside Campus is located on the north banks of the river Wear, next to the National Glass Centre and houses the School of Business, Law and Psychology, as well as Computing and Technology and The Media Centre. [25] Salt exports from Sunderland are recorded from as early as the 13th century, but in 1589 salt pans were laid at Bishopwearmouth Panns (the modern-day name of the area the pans occupied is Pann's Bank, on the river bank between the city centre and the East End). The city is covered by BBC North East and Cumbria and ITV's Tyne Tees franchise, which has a regional office in the university's media centre.[198]. Sunderland was made a municipal borough of County Durham in 1835. The 2001 census also recorded a substantial concentration of Greek nationals, living mainly in Central and Thornholme wards. From the day of the Churchs birth on Pentecost Sunday to today, the community of believers has proclaimed the crucifixion, death and resurrection of Jesus Christwhat we call the Paschal (or Easter) Mystery. It reopened in December 2004, following a big redevelopment, making the stage bigger. In 674, Benedict Biscop built the Wearmouth (St. Peter's) monastery. 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