However, if a new subscription is added before the timer expires, the timer is canceled, and the already-cached data is used without needing to refetch it. As an example, say that we have an API slice with getTodos and getTodo endpoints, and our components make the following queries: Each of these query results would include a Todo object that looks like {id: 1}. Take note of the act statement used in the mutation tests. Defining an API Slice To see how simple data fetching becomes using RTK Query, here is a basic example of fetching a joke . Meanwhile, as we were editing the post, the cache removal timer for the getPosts data expired, so it was removed from the cache. Why not? cacheDataLoaded resolves when the initial data for this subscription is added to the store. There has to be one API slice per app for RTKQ to work best. We can rewrite notificationsSlice so that it listens for any received notifications, and tracks some additional state on the client side for each notification entry. So, we can create a cache selector with no argument, and the cache key becomes undefined. React Query Axios DELETE request: delete a Tutorial, delete all Tutorials. features/notifications/notificationsSlice.js, features/notifications/NotificationsList.js. The useMutation hook returns a tuple containing a "mutation trigger" function, as well as an object containing properties about the "mutation result". In that case, you can make a sub-selection of fields for that object. You may have heard the term "normalized cache" in relation to other data fetching libraries like Apollo. Let's add a new addReaction mutation and use that to update the corresponding Post on the server every time the user clicks a reaction button. The endpoint.select() function in the API slice endpoints will create a new memoized selector function every time we call it. getPosts and getUsers both expect the server to return an array, and getPost expects the individual Post object as the body. Now click "Edit Post" inside the single post page. The generated selector uses that cache key to know exactly which cached result it should return from the cache state in the store. RTK Query is an experimental library from the Redux team with the main purpose of fetching and caching data for your web app. Our getPosts query defines a providesTags field that is an array of strings. RTK Query is a powerful data fetching and caching tool. Fortunately, RTK Query lets us define specific tags, which let us be more selective in invalidating data. Any useMutation hooks with the same fixedCacheKey string will share results between each other Ideally, we want to use the same logic in response to both cases. In this scenario, a post is fetched with useQuery, and then an EditablePostName component is rendered that allows us to edit the name of the post. For example, I have two components. In short: More information about these can be found here. These examples are not meant to be what you base your application on, but exist to show very specific behaviors that you may not actually want or need in your application. // no-op in case `cacheEntryRemoved` resolves before `cacheDataLoaded`, // in which case `cacheDataLoaded` will throw, // cacheEntryRemoved will resolve when the cache subscription is no longer active, // perform cleanup steps once the `cacheEntryRemoved` promise resolves, // Hardcode a call to the mock server to simulate a server push scenario over websockets, // Dispatch an additional action so we can track "read" state, // Add client-side metadata for tracking new notifications, // Any notifications we've read are no longer new, '../features/notifications/notificationsSlice', // Trigger initial fetch of notifications and keep the websocket open to receive updates, a table that describes what will happen if certain general/specific tag combinations are invalidated, How to use tags with IDs to manage cache invalidation and refetching, How to work with the RTK Query cache outside of React, Techniques for manipulating response data, Implementing optimistic updates and streaming updates, The same primary query/mutation hook that we exported from the root API slice object, but named as, For query endpoints, an additional set of query hooks for scenarios like "lazy queries" or partial subscriptions, A fully normalized shared-across-queries cache is a, We don't have the time, resources, or interest in trying to solve that right now, In many cases, simply re-fetching data when it's invalidated works well and is easier to understand, At a minimum, RTKQ can help solve the general use case of "fetch some data", which is a big pain point for a lot of people, Keep original response in cache, read full result in component and derive values, Keep original response in cache, read derived result with, Transform response before storing in cache, Create a server-side data subscription like a Websocket, Endpoints can provide or invalidate cache tags based on results and arg cache keys, Endpoint objects include functions for initating requests, generating result selectors, and matching request action objects, Components can read an entire value and transform with. Try refreshing the page and clicking through the posts list and single post view. Keeping. Copyright 20152022 Dan Abramov and the Redux documentation authors. Event Loop + V8 Engine + libuv threadpool. section in Part 6 has links to additional resources for app ideas, tutorials, and documentation. The first is the cache key arg that was passed when the request started. Go to the main , and click one of the reactions to see what happens. // Include a field called `postsForUser` in the hook result object, // which will be a filtered list of posts, // In a real app, we'd probably need to base this on user ID somehow, // so that a user can't do the same reaction more than once. The subscribed one will update immediately due to the optimistic update. Our final feature is the notifications tab. It still returns an array of the values from the normalized state, but we're changing the name since the items themselves have changed. Whenever the mock server sends us an update, we push all of the received notifications into the cache and re-sort it. Enter RTK Query. Both mutations make their networks calls and changes are reflected in the server. We can use selectFromResult to have read just a filtered list of posts from the cache. Here's my api definition. It's common for apps to make an initial request to fetch data from the server, and then open up a Websocket connection to receive additional updates over time. In this case, our mounted and requested that individual Post by ID. In this case, we'll call the field postsForUser, and we can destructure that new field from the hook result. It is. For more info, check out: Defining an API slice. smooth muscle relaxant for cats 11; central carolina community foundation 2; This is a very basic example of taking a JWT from a login mutation, then setting that in our store. -To add a new post to the database, make a POST request with the form data to the server. In this section, we'll continue migrating our example app to use RTK Query for the other data types, and see how to use some of its advanced features to simplify the codebase and improve user experience. By default, separate instances of a useMutation hook are not inherently related to each other. The two hook usages will return the exact same results, including fetched data and loading status flags. The query callback may also return an object containing the URL, the HTTP method to use and a request body. If we want to fetch the list of users outside of React, we can dispatch the getUsers.initiate() thunk in our index file: This dispatch happens automatically inside the query hooks, but we can start it manually if needed. The API slice object includes a updateQueryData util function that lets us update cached values. RTK Query allows multiple components to subscribe to the same data, and will ensure that each unique set of data is only fetched once. So, this would result in three separate copies of this Todo being cached in the Redux store. For a small update like adding a reaction, we probably don't need to re-fetch the entire list of posts. As a final step, we can do some additional cleanup here - the postsSlice is no longer being used, so that can be removed entirely. Since this example app is small, we'll just give the name of the reaction, and let the server increment the counter for that reaction type on this post. The use of mutations is a bit different compared to the original Mutations - RTK Query guide. If we inspect the API slice object, it includes an endpoints field, with one endpoint object inside for each endpoint we've defined. For that matter, if we return to the main page and look at the , it's also showing the old data. We've added a transformResponse option to the getUsers endpoint. RTK. It's common for larger applications to "code-split" features into separate bundles, and then "lazy load" them on demand as the feature is used for the first time. In the example below you'll notice a few things. // Triggering `updatePostOne` will affect the result in this component, // but not the result in `ComponentTwo`, and vice-versa. When the number of active subscriptions goes down to 0, RTK Query starts an internal timer. Now, if we click several times on a reaction button quickly, we should see the number increment in the UI each time. We declared that the getPosts query endpoint provides a 'Post' tag, and that the addNewPost mutation endpoint invalidates that same 'Post' tag. However, if all the endpoints are consistently providing the same tags (such as {type: 'Todo', id: 1}), then invalidating that tag will force all the matching endpoints to refetch their data for consistency. Our components are already importing selectAllUsers and selectUserById, so this change should just work! In order to get the right behavior, we need to set up each endpoint with the right tags: It's possible for the result argument in these callbacks to be undefined if the response has no data or there's an error, so we have to handle that safely. Inside of there, we add a new "read/isNew" metadata entry that corresponds to each notification by ID, and store that inside of notificationsSlice. RTK Query query not refetching after mutation. The matchNotificationsReceived matcher function will return true if the current action matches either of those types. // To generate a selector for a specific query argument, call `select(theQueryArg)`. Mutating data (create/update/delete) and syncing the changes from the server with the cache. Endpoints can define an onQueryStarted function that will be called when a request starts, and we can run additional logic in that handler. We want to run the same "add read/new metadata" logic for both the "fulfilled getNotifications" action and the "received from Websocket" action. For more info, check out: Usage Without React Hooks. With that said, we might still need an async action if we dont want our logic to depend on a single endpoint, and be more generic (e.g., bootstrapping a page with some requests). This happens when the first subscription for this endpoint + cache key is added. // Example: `updatePost().unwrap().then(fulfilled => console.log(fulfilled)).catch(rejected => console.error(rejected)), // Execute the trigger with the `id` and updated `name`, // Or from '@reduxjs/toolkit/query' if not using the auto-generated hooks. Instead, we could try just updating the already-cached data on the client to match what we expect to have happen on the server. Let's try this out and see what happens. For this case, we've also removed the invalidatesTags line we'd just added, since we don't want to refetch the posts when we click a reaction button. There is one caveat here. There's a lot going on, but let's break down the changes one at a time. In the real world, it's very common that a developer would want to resync their local data cache with the server after performing a mutation (aka "revalidation"). We can create a new "matcher" function by calling isAnyOf() and passing in each of those action creators. In Part 6: Performance and Normalization, we discussed reasons why it's useful to store data in a normalized structure. But, the component mounted right away and subscribed to the same Post data with the same cache key. We've now seen three different ways that we can manage transforming responses: Each of these approaches can be useful in different situations. Once we have that initial selectUsersResult selector, we can replace the existing selectAllUsers selector with one that returns the array of users from the cache result, and then replace selectUserById with one that finds the right user from that array. Mutation endpoints should define either a query callback that constructs the URL (including any URL query params), or a queryFn callback that may do arbitrary async logic and return a result. For most users, the basic examples in the Queries and Mutations sections will cover the majority of your needs. Now, instead of potentially five files to fetch data and cache it in the Redux store, we need one. As with adding posts, the first step is to define a new mutation endpoint in our API slice. Setting Up RTK Query Our example application already works, but now it's time to migrate all of the async logic over to use RTK Query. Mutations are used to send data updates to the server and apply the changes to the local cache. We'll use that capability to implement a more realistic approach to managing notifications. If you're looking for help with Redux questions, come join the #redux channel in the Reactiflux server on Discord. We already know that we need to refetch this post in order to see any of the data change on the client, so we can invalidate this specific Post entry based on its ID. To do this, we should create a new selector instance that the component can reuse every time it renders, so that the selector memoizes the result based on its inputs. We should use the API object (RTK Query exports createApi) to query/mutate any exposed API endpoint that the app needs. Since the usersSlice is no longer even being used at all, we can go ahead and delete the createSlice call from this file, and remove users: usersReducer from our store setup. Inside of onCacheEntryAdded, we create a real Websocket connection to localhost. The entire component was grayed out, because we just refetched the entire list of posts in response to that one post being updated. // when data is received from the socket connection to the server, // update our query result with the received message, // Insert all received notifications from the websocket. RTK Query allows multiple components to subscribe to the same data, and will ensure that each unique set of data is only fetched once. On my api I have two mutations and strangely, one of them does trigger the refetch but the other doesn't and I have no clue why. When we opened the component again, RTK Query saw that it did not have the data in cache and refetched it. There isn't currently a good way for the notificationsSlice reducer to know when we've received an updated list of new notifications via the Websocket. Normally you should stick with using the hooks, but here we're going to work with the user data using just the RTK Query core API so you can see how to use it. All videos are for educational purpose and use them wisely. Our component can now save the edited post to the server, but we have a problem. We said that RTK Query normally has a single "API slice" per application, and so far we've defined all of our endpoints directly in apiSlice.js. RTK Query CRUD example with React Hooks. // In this case, `getPost` will be re-run. Refer to useMutation for an extensive list of all returned properties. In particular, it lets us look up and update items based on an ID, rather than having to loop over an array to find the right item. Now that we're fetching data for RTK Query's cache, we should replace those selectors with equivalents that read from the cache instead. Manually dispatching an RTKQ request thunk will create a subscription entry, but it's then up to you to unsubscribe from that data later - otherwise the data stays in the cache permanently. The correct user names should appear in each displayed post, and in the dropdown in the . RTK Query takes a more centralized approach to this and requires you to configure the invalidation behavior in your API service definition. , Feel free to reach out for anything!liad_shiran, A publication by the Nielsen Tel Aviv Engineering team, where we talk about what we do and how we do things, Frontend Software Engineer, writer, open-source contributor, Toward the minimum viable decoupled website, What the function? If we click "Save Post" while editing, it returns us to the , but it's still showing the old data without the edits. The last component that is reading from the old postsSlice is , which filters the list of posts based on the current user. what is the purpose of suspense account meeden easel replacement parts quinoline and isoquinoline road texture for photoshop. If we were to transform the response data to be stored using a normalized approach, we could simplify that to directly find the user by ID. Serving cached data while avoiding duplicate requests for the same data. Clicking the "Refresh" button now triggers the mock Websocket server to push out another set of notifications. We've already added a mutation endpoint to save new Post entries to the server, and used that in our . Ideally, yes. // In this case, the users query has no params, so we don't pass anything to select(), /* Temporarily ignore selectors - we'll come back to this later, } = usersAdapter.getSelectors((state) => state.users), import { apiSlice } from './features/api/apiSlice', import { extendedApiSlice } from './features/users/usersSlice', await worker.start({ onUnhandledRequest: 'bypass' }), store.dispatch(apiSlice.endpoints.getUsers.initiate()), store.dispatch(extendedApiSlice.endpoints.getUsers.initiate()), // Return a unique selector instance for this page so that, // the filtered results are correctly memoized, // Use the same posts query, but extract only part of its data, // We can optionally include the other metadata fields from the result here. Cache key additional resources for app ideas, Tutorials, and should return from the database, a. Each time and we can update our UI components to the server make get. 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