Cardiac Muscle Tissue. When your muscles are not contracted, they are soft and squishy. Smooth muscle (Textus muscularis levis) Smooth muscle is a type of tissue found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the intestines, uterus and stomach . This can be seen in image (a) below. Biologydictionary.net, December 08, 2017. https://biologydictionary.net/muscle-tissue/. Young, James A. Curated learning paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations and articles. Cardiac muscle form the muscular wall of the heart (i.e. The muscle cells are arranged in whorls and spirals; each chamber of the heart empties by mass contraction, not peristalsis. Q. Most of the skeletal. Histologically, the muscles of the body can be classified into 3 types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, On the other hand, both cardiac muscle and smooth muscle can respond to other stimuli, such as hormones and local stimuli. consent of Rice University. Muscles on both sides of the body are equally affected. Many of the molecular mechanisms that regulate embryonic muscle cell proliferation and differentiation are thought to be reactivated during adult muscle regeneration. This system is made up of the TMJ, teeth and soft tissue and it plays a role in breathing, eating and speech. Muscle tissue is characterized by properties that allow movement. Pin En Human Anatomy & Physiology 201 & 202 . OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Muscle atrophy resulting from disease rather than disuse is generally one of two types, that resulting from damage to the nerves that supply the muscles, and disease of the muscle itself. as well as other congenital, inflammatory or metabolic myopathies. This book uses the The nerve impulse is transferred almost instantaneously to all the nerve cells in the muscle tissue, and the entire muscle contracts. They are also found in the eyeball, where it controls lens thickness and pupil size. Bailey, Regina. suboccipital muscles kenhub anatomy. Scapular Fracture - Radiology At St. Vincent's University Hospital www.svuhradiology.ie Muscle movement happens when neurological signals produce electrical changes in muscle cells. Smooth muscle cells are spindle shaped, have a single, centrally located nucleus, and lack striations. Muscle Tissue. The answer is b, epimysium. This pattern is also called sphincter. Muscle Tissue and Motion. The fibers of myosin and actin in smooth muscle fiber is not nearly as organized as in the other types of muscle tissue. the myocardium of heart). This also is the time when dreams occur. Skeletal muscle is found in many sizes and various shapes. ", Biologydictionary.net Editors. A. Attaching nerves to muscle tissue B. Rehydrating cells C. Getting muscle tissue to contract, Biologydictionary.net Editors. Another theory suggests that the transition from the waking to the sleeping state signals the body to relax. I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half. It is found throughout arteries and veins where it plays a vital role in the regulation of blood . ThoughtCo. These include three muscle types: smooth, skeletal, and cardiac. The muscles all begin the actual process of contracting (shortening) when a protein called actin is pulled by a protein called myosin. Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles because we have control over their contraction. The major skeletal muscles are often called voluntary muscles because individuals can control many of them at will; however, some of their actions are automatic. Study Guide for The Anatomy and Physiology Learning System - Edith MS Applegate . Regina Bailey is a board-certified registered nurse, science writer and educator. One example is the pectoralis major muscle of the anterior thorax. Learning Objectives. Functions of Muscles 1. tissue cardiac muscle anatomy heart cells found michigan university physiology webscope explore. 1. Muscle tissue is attached to the bones through tendons, which are highly elastic portions of connective tissue. The cardiac muscle consists of much broader, shorter cells that branch. cardiac muscle structure fibers cardiomyocyte anatomy. Some muscles, such as the gluteal muscles, are quite thick; some, such as the sartorius of the thigh, are long and relatively slender; and others, such as the extensors of the fingers, have very long tendons. Muscle cells are excitable; they respond to a stimulus. All three muscle tissues have some properties in common; they all exhibit a quality called excitability as their plasma membranes can change their electrical states . Muscular System Anatomy Muscle Types. The scrotum is made up of layers of skin, muscles, and fascia. These differences in muscle shape and architecture permit skeletal muscle to function effectively over a relatively wide range of tasks. - Anatomy & Physiology integrativewellnessandmovement.com. For example, Wnt signaling can induce satellite cell proliferation and myoblast fusion. Skeletal muscle consists of long cylindrical cells that, under a microscope, appear striated with bands perpendicular to the length of the cell. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. For example, the diaphragm contracts automatically; a person controls it voluntarily, however, when taking a deep breath. A bundle of several skeletal muscle fibers, as pictured in figure 2, is called: a. Sarcomere. Contractility allows muscle tissue to pull on its attachment points and shorten with force. Although the peak age of onset is in the 50s, the disorders can occur at any age. Baldwin and F. Haddad: The muscular system: Muscle plasticity. Thalamus Pineal gland 2. and also Smooth Muscle Tissue 400X Labeled. It controls the movement of an organism. Smooth muscles are found in middle layer (tunica media) of the wall of most blood vessels, and the muscular part of the wall of the digestive tract. In the third step of muscle contraction, circled in red in the image, what molecule attaches to myosin to allow it to detach from actin? While the striations in skeletal muscle tissue are even and parallel, complex and branching striations are seen in cardiac muscle tissue. Muscle tissue functions as a single unit, and is often connected to the same nerve bundles. Vet Blog: July 2012 peterjackie1992.blogspot.com. The fascicular pattern is circular when the fascicles are arranged in concentric rings. Muscle tissue is classified into three types according to structure and function: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth (Table 3.4.1 . Examples include the orbicularis muscles surrounding the mouth and eyes. In biology, a tissue is a group of cells and their extracellular matrix that share the same embryonic origin and perform a similar function. (Micrographs provided by the Regents of University of Michigan Medical School 2012), https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/10-1-overview-of-muscle-tissues, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Explain contractibility and extensibility. Smooth muscle is recognizable from its lack of striations and unbranching nature in image (b) below. This difference in fascicular arrangement also accounts for the different shapes and functional capabilities of various skeletal muscles. It has also been referred to as a sleep start. Sands: Principles and Practice of Resistance Training, 1st edition, (2007), p. 175-182. the intrinsic tongue muscles). The muscle cell, muscle fibre, contains protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing contractions that move body parts, including internal organs. Anatomy And Physiology philschatz.com. Muscle Tissue x UNIT 11 y 4 Materials and Prep Notes Exercise 11-1 Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Estimated Total Completion Time: 25-30 min. Stone, M. Stone and W.A. 5 Skeletal muscle Composition Muscle Tissue. What is the strongest muscle in the body? Skeletal muscles consist of non-branching fibres (unlike cardiac) bound together by loose areolar tissue containing the usual complement of cells such as fibroblasts and macrophages. Dermatomyositis and polymyositis cause inflammation of the muscles. Reviewer: Heart rate is regulated intrinsically by a pacemaker (the SA node) composed of special cardiac muscle fibres that are also influenced and innervated by the ANS. More women than men are affected. Her work has been featured in "Kaplan AP Biology" and "The Internet for Cellular and Molecular Biologists.". Actin is a thin, contractile protein that is a component of the _____, or the functional unit of striated muscle? Numerous myocytes make up muscle tissue and the . Muscle is derived from the Latin word musculus meaning little mouse. Smooth and cardiac muscles are under the control of the peripheral nervous system. At the cellular level, each muscle cell has a complex of proteins containing actin and myosin. Of all the different tissue types (muscle, epithelial, connective, and nervous ), muscle tissue is the most abundant tissue in most animals, including in humans. Bones: Radius. Bed-ridden people can undergo significant muscle wasting. All rights reserved. Of all the different tissue types (muscle, epithelial, connective, and nervous), muscle tissue is the most abundant tissue in most animals, including in humans. In some cases, the muscles of the pharynx (throat) or the esophagus (the tube leading from the throat to the stomach) are involved, causing problems with swallowing. Lodish, H., Berk, A., Kaiser, C. A., Krieger, M., Scott, M. P., Bretscher, A., . Highly coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle pump blood into the vessels of the circulatory system. It is made up of thin and elongated cells called muscle fibers. The study of animal tissues is called histology, or histopathology when it is concerned with diseases. The membranous envelope, or epimysium, is impervious to the spread of fluid such as pus. Inorganic phosphate and ADP ATP. Actin and myosin are contractile proteins in muscle tissue. Exercise-induced and heat-related muscle cramping Piriformis syndrome [6] [29] Thoracic outlet syndrome (scalene muscle hypertrophy/spasticity) [5] Bell's palsy [30] Guyon canal syndrome [31] [32] AIN syndrome or PIN syndrome [33] [34] Carpal tunnel syndrome (secondary to compression neuropathy of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel) [35] [36] (2017, December 08). Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.orgNinja Nerds!In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be teaching you about the structure and function of . Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and . There are also bands of supportive, flexible connective tissue called ligaments, which stretch from the skin to the chest wall to hold the breast tissue in place. When attached between two movable objects, in other words, bones, contractions of the muscles cause the bones to move. Read more. Electroencephalogram studies have shown sleep starts affect almost 10 percent of the population regularly, 80 percent occasionally, and another 10 percent rarely. Muscle cells are excitable; they respond to a stimulus. M.H. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site Muscle is derived from the Latin word "musculus" meaning "little mouse". Skeletal Muscles of the Human Body, 4th Edition is an atlas of the muscles of the human body. A. How a Muscle Contraction is Signalled. Contraction of Skeletal Muscle Cells. Bailey, Regina. Soft C. Neither, 3. Differences among the three muscle types include the microscopic organization of their contractile proteinsactin and myosin. Suboccipital Muscles - Anatomy | Kenhub www.kenhub.com. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/muscle-tissue-anatomy-373195. What do the muscles throughout the body do? The actin and myosin proteins are arranged very regularly in the cytoplasm of individual muscle cells (referred to as fibers) in both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, which creates a pattern, or stripes, called striations. Breakdown of ATP and Cross-Bridge Movement During Muscle Contraction. They are the: Muscles are classified histologically into striated muscles and non-striated muscles based on the structural characteristic called striations which is due to the arrangement of the muscle fibres actin and myosin filaments. Although muscles produce heat energy, they also require energy to perform their functions. While these muscles differ slightly, they function in a similar way. Muscle tissue consists of fibers of muscle cells connected together in sheets and fibers. currently. There are three types of parallel muscles: In a pennate pattern, the fascicles are short and they attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle. Pennate muscles are of three forms: Skeletal muscles are attached directly or indirectly through tendons to bones, cartilages, ligaments, fascia, or to some combination of these structures. However, the less organized appearance of smooth muscle should not be interpreted as less efficient. Muscular tissue is a specialized tissue in animals which applies forces to different parts of the body by contraction. Myoblasts (embryonic muscle cells) are derived from mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue). These organized bundles allow striated muscle to contract quickly and release quickly. These different types of muscle tissue are discussed below. No, the test could get contaminated by the user C. No, actin and myosin are in many cells, 2. The cells are connected via intercalated discs. Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleated structures that compose the skeletal muscle. In some cases, this leads to food being misdirected from the esophagus to the lungs, causing severe pneumonia. 100 Histology - Muscle Ideas | Muscle, Skeletal Muscle, Histology Slides www.pinterest.ph . Some are attached to organs (the eyeball, for example), to skin (such as facial muscles), and to mucous membrane (e.g. Yes, great idea! Each muscle spread shows the individual muscle . But the brain may interpret the relaxation as a sign of falling and then signal the arms and legs to wake up. If a test for actin and myosin could be developed, cells could quickly be tested to see if they are muscle cells. Muscle Tissue Types Muscle tissue contains numerous microfilaments composed of the contractile proteins actin and myosin. Each testicle is protected by multiple layers. "Facts About Muscle Tissue." Muscle cells are excitable; they respond to a stimulus. They are contractile, meaning they can shorten and generate a pulling force. Knowing that actin and myosin are present in muscle cells, a student has a clever idea. Smooth muscle cells are spindle shaped, have a single, centrally located nucleus, and lack striations. Innervation, like that of the smooth muscle, is by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). By the end of this section, you will be able to: Muscle is one of the four primary tissue types of the body, and the body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle (Figure 10.2). The strongest muscle based on its weight is the masseter . Contractile impulses are transmitted from one muscle cell to another at specialized sites called nexuses (or gap junctions), where adjacent cell membranes lie unusually close together. cardiac muscle tissue muscular definition medical. 1999-2022, Rice University. Muscle tissue can be used to move bones, compress chambers, or squeeze various organs. radius. Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space. Hence the larger the skeletal muscle cell, the more nuclei it contains. hernia. Smooth muscle is a type of muscle tissue which is used by various systems to apply pressure to vessels and organs. It usually appears between the ages of 2 to 6 and the afflicted live typically into late teens to early 20s. It is found throughout the urinary system where it functions to help rid the body of toxins and works in electrolyte balance. Movement of bones or fluids (e.g., blood) 2. When attached between two movable objects, in other words, bones, contractions of the muscles cause the bones to move. Muscle tissue is characterized by properties that allow movement. These tiny light and dark bands are sarcomeres, highly organized bundles of actin, myosin, and associated proteins. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Muscle movement or twitching also may take place during the Rapid Eye Movement, or REM, phase of sleep. muscles gracilis anatomy lower extremity atlas muscle body visual flickr sartorius. K.L. In smooth muscle, the contractions are not quick and rapid but rather smooth and continuous. Our brains control skeletal muscle movement. People with sedentary jobs and senior citizens with decreased activity can lose muscle tone and develop significant atrophy. "Muscle Tissue. 17 Pics about Muscle tissue practice pictures : 4.4 Muscle Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology, Smooth Muscle tissue - Structure - Contraction - TeachMePhysiology and also 7th Grade Science - Hendricks Day School Middle School Science. Based on this microscopic classification, skeletal and cardiac muscles are grouped as striated muscles, while the visceral muscle is non-striated. pelvis axial anatomy female mri muscle cross sectional rectus radiology uterus ovaries mrimaster move Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. pleural cavity anatomy cavities recess where. When you flex, they get strong and hard. Matt Dempsey - Tyrannosaurus Muscle Anatomy Study sketchy-raptor.artstation.com Visceral Muscle. In addition, because of the gap junctions between smooth muscle cells, many of the cells do not receive nerve fibres. Platysma. CartoonDealer.com #44790222 cartoondealer.com. Is muscle considered a soft or hard tissue? K.M. This is because they do not achieve muscle paralysis, and as a result, act out their dreams. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), or jaw joint, is a synovial joint that allows the complex movements necessary for life. This type of atrophy is reversible with vigorous exercise. The majority of muscle atrophy in the general population results from disuse. Last reviewed: March 16, 2022 Sarcomere Contraction. The branching is caused by the connection of cardiac muscle cells to one another. The prefix epi means upon, just like the epidermis is the outermost later upon the skin. Clockwise from nervous tissue, LM 872, LM 282, LM 460 . Together these sheets and fibers and known as muscles, and control the movements of an organisms as well as many other contractile functions. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle move to facilitate body functions like heartbeats and digestion. There are four main aspects which affect the way your butt looks - bone structure, muscles, fat and skin. R.M.H McMinn: Last's anatomy (Regional and Applied), 9th edition, Ana-Maria Dulea (2014), p. 5-8. They are called involuntary muscles. It can recoil back to its original length due to elastic fibers. unlabeled labeled diagrams circulatory unlabelled. Astronauts, free of the gravitational pull of Earth, can develop decreased muscle tone and loss of calcium from their bones following just a few days of weightlessness. Protein synthesis Z-line Sarcomere Mitochondria 2. muscle skeletal drawing smooth tissue drawings histology . These proteins are responsible for movement in muscles. Mri Female Pelvis Anatomy Axial Image 10 | Pelvis Anatomy, Pelvis www.pinterest.com. Four types of tissue: body. A. Similar to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is striated and organized into sarcomeres, possessing the same banding organization as skeletal muscle ( [link] ). Cardiac muscle tissue is only found in the heart. It is the joint between condylar head of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone. Muscle plays an important role too. However, reflex reactions of skeletal muscle are an exception. The placenta is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation.It plays critical roles in facilitating nutrient, gas and waste exchange between the physically separate maternal and fetal circulations, and is an important endocrine organ producing hormones that regulate both maternal and fetal physiology during pregnancy. The temporalis is a fan-shaped muscle overlying the temporal bone; it inserts into the mandible and acts as a synergist of the masseter in closing the jaw. The filaments are connected to the ends of the cells, and as they slide past one another, the cell contracts in length. Action Potentials and Muscle Contraction. K.L. Tissues www.slideshare.net. . Wise, Eddie Johnson, Brandon Poe, Dean H. Kruse, Oksana Korol, Jody E. Johnson, Mark Womble, Peter DeSaix. The prefix, dys-, means abnormal, while the root, -trophy, refers to maintaining normal nourishment, structure and function. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver. It is the tough, fiber-like material that connects to a muscle and separates it from another muscle. Muscles with this arrangement surround external body openings, which they close by contracting. muscle involuntary skeletal cardiac smooth voluntary muscles striated tissue types type non muscular body three human system tissues vet All muscles require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to continue the process of contracting, and they all relax when the Ca++ is removed and the actin-binding sites are re-shielded. Copyright Smooth Muscle Tissue. Muscle tissue also has the quality of extensibility; it can stretch or extend. Smooth muscle is composed of sheets or strands of smooth muscle cells. Fascia is a term that refers to sheets of dense connective tissue. Muscles are the largest soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system. A muscle can return to its original length when relaxed due to a quality of muscle tissue called elasticity. and you must attribute OpenStax. Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues develop from local populations of mesenchymal cells (splanchnic mesoderm), while skeletal muscles develop from mesoderm within the somites. Detect Muscle tendon tension Measures combination of Muscle Contraction against the resistance of opposing forces (gravity, antagonist Muscles) Triggers a reduction in Muscle tension by allowing further Muscle stretch Muscle Spindles Wrap intrafusal Muscle fibers Small Muscle fibers primarily for stretch detection At the simplest level, muscles allow us to move. Benjamin Aghoghovwia Cells of a cardiac muscle also have one nucleus each. Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated; in fibres that are several centimeters long, there are thousands of nuclei. Creative Commons Attribution License Myogenesis begins within a somite when cells respond to growth factors and activate the expression of myogenic basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (MyoD). Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle (Review) Each muscle is comprised of muscle fibers organized into bundles called fascicles; Muscle fibers contain myofibrils; Myofibrils are composed of myofilaments; Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle. They are contractile, meaning they can shorten and generate a pulling force. The main ways to change the appearance of your butt is by targeting either the muscle or fat components of the buttocks, or both. Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 2 million users. [1] The study of plant tissues is called plant anatomy. "Muscle Tissue." There has been little research on this topic, but there have been some theories put forth. Histology Images Of Muscle By PathPedia.com: Pathology E-Atlas www.pathpedia.com . ThoughtCo, Nov. 22, 2020, thoughtco.com/muscle-tissue-anatomy-373195. Dimitrios Mytilinaios MD, PhD Doctors refer to all non-fatty tissue as fibroglandular tissue. Dr. Frankensteins monster was created from reanimated parts of dead corpses. citation tool such as, Authors: J. Gordon Betts, Kelly A. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. This anatomy and physiology study guide key review questions and answers with explanations volume 2 bone tissue skeletal system muscle tissue muscular system, as one of the most keen sellers here will very be in the course of the best options to review. Other movements are involuntary, meaning they are not under conscious control, such as the contraction of your pupil in bright light. Read more. Forty percent of your body mass is made up of skeletal muscle. Muscle is one of the four primary tissue types of the body, and the body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle (Figure 7.2). Matsudaira, P. (2008). Muscle cells are excitable; they respond to a stimulus. Skeletal muscle fibers have many of the same components of a typical cell, but some are named differently . The tissue is highly cellular and is well supplied with blood vessels. Muscle tissue is made of "excitable" cells that are capable of contraction. Each type of muscle tissue in the human body has a unique structure and a specific role. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and its contraction makes possible locomotion, facial expressions, posture, and other voluntary movements of the body. Learn smooth muscle location, anatomy, contraction, different smooth muscle layers (longitudinal vs circular vs oblique), and multi-unit vs single-unit smooth muscle explained. Stabilizing joints 4. N. Persaud: The developing human (Clinically oriented embryology), 8th edition, (2007), p.357-363. The three major types of muscle tissue are: Adults have a certain number of muscle cells. The other types of muscle are controlled mainly by the involuntary or autonomous nervous system. Register now muscle skeletal tissue histology tissues labeled microscope human anatomy slides normal lab smooth biology medical physiology muscular flashcards exercises tejido. Its contraction is not under voluntary control. are licensed under a, Structural Organization of the Human Body, Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response, Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems, Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back, Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax, Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System, Circulation and the Central Nervous System, Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation, Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, Energy, Maintenance, and Environmental Exchange, Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, Digestive System Processes and Regulation, Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, Human Development and the Continuity of Life, Anatomy and Physiology of the Testicular Reproductive System, Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System, Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems, Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages, The body contains three types of muscle tissue: (a) skeletal muscle, (b) smooth muscle, and (c) cardiac muscle. 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