[citation needed], Before the reading of the Megillah on Purim, both at night and again in the morning, the reader of the Megillah recites the following three blessings and at the end of each blessing the congregation then responds by answering "Amen" after each of the blessings. Bowling Green, KY (42101) Today. However, much of the growth in meat production has been taking place in a relatively small number of countries, including some of the most populous ones, e.g., China and Brazil . On the other hand, the North African Sephardic dialect was, until the early 20th century, also highly conservative; its abundant Colloquial Arabic loan words retained most of the Arabic phonemes as functional components of a new, enriched Hispano-Semitic phonological system. In the narrower ethnic definition, a Sephardi Jew is one descended from the Jews who lived in the Iberian Peninsula in the late 15th century, immediately prior to the issuance of the Alhambra Decree of 1492 by order of the Catholic Monarchs in Spain, and the decree of 1496 in Portugal by order of King Manuel I.. Changes in world production of specific meats, 19602000. Physical forced conversions, however, were also suffered by Jews throughout Portugal. His maternal grandfather was Sir Michael Balcon, an important figure in the history of British cinema and Dustin Lee Hoffman was born in Los Angeles, California, to Lillian (Gold) and Harry Hoffman, who was a furniture salesman and prop supervisor for Columbia Pictures. Brooks eventually started a comedy act and also worked in radio and as Master Entertainer at Grossinger's Resort before going to Alyson Hannigan was born in Washington, D.C., to Emilie (Posner), a real estate agent, and Al Hannigan, a truck driver. Before, During and After the Holocaust", French bestseller unravels Nazi propagandist's cryptic last words about Purim, "Behind the Headlines: a Year Without Purim; No Parades, Only Funerals", Aruch HaShulchan: The laws of the Purim Feast and of giving gifts to one's friend on Purim: Mishloach manot, The month of Adar and the holiday of Purim, minhagim (customs) and halachot (laws), Purim celebrations in the IDF, Exhibition in the IDF&defense establishment archives, Day to Mark the Departure and Expulsion of Jews from the Arab Countries and Iran, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purim&oldid=1117843151, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Vague or ambiguous geographic scope from November 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, To make known that all who hope in You will not be shamed (, Exchanging gifts of food and drink, known as, Public recitation of the Scroll of Esther (, Reciting additions to the daily prayers and the grace after meals, known as, Listening to the public reading, usually in. Livestock production can make good use of resources, some of which would otherwise not be used, and contributes high quality protein and important micronutrients to the human diet. The U.S. has led developments in seed improvement, such as hybridization, and in expanding uses for crops from the work of George Washington Carver to bioplastics and biofuels. This branch settled in North Africa (except Egypt, see Eastern Sephardim above). 2003 The American Society for Nutritional Sciences, Impact Investing Holds Promise for Nutrition If Guided by Evidence. Though Islamic law placed restrictions on dhimmis (non-Muslim members of monotheistic faiths), the coming of the Moors was by and large welcomed by the Jews of Iberia. lvaro Caminha, in Cape Verde islands, who received the land as a grant from the crown, established a colony with Jews forced to stay on the island of So Tom. Regrettably, as the population increases, consumption of ASF is actually declining, particularly in the poorer African countries (see above). However, it is clear that fish contribute considerably to the ASF supply in developing countries with a total supply of 90 million Mt (45 million Mt, excluding China). By 1950 there were 500 students. Her refusal prompts Ahasuerus to have her removed from her post. It is within the realm of possibility that they went there under the Romans as free men to take advantage of its rich resources. They contributed to the establishment of the Dutch West Indies Company in 1621, and some were members of the directorate. He is the lead singer of Born as Ghosts, formerly known as Fredalba. Although the deadline was originally the end of 1930, diplomat ngel Sanz Briz used this decree as the basis for giving Spanish citizenship papers to Hungarian Jews in the Second World War to try to save them from the Nazis. [41] It was modified in 2015 to remove a provision that required persons acquiring Spanish nationality by law 12/2015 must renounce any other nationality held. Although technically Egypt was a North African Ottoman region, those Jews who settled Alexandria are included in this group, due to Egypt's cultural proximity to the West Asian provinces. It too contains the additional contextual material found in the Josippon (a chronicle of Jewish history from Adam to the age of Titus believed to have been written by Josippon or Joseph ben Gorion). Judeo-Arabic and its dialects have been a large vernacular language for Sephardim who settled in North African kingdoms and Arabic-speaking parts of the Ottoman Empire. Southern California dries out after rain, but cold temperatures linger, Winning Powerball ticket sold in Ontario is worth $1,044,212, Microgrid will let these Menifee homes keep lights on during outages. Mention is also made by Gans of the head of the Kremenetz yeshiva, Isaac Cohen (d. 1573), of whom but little is known otherwise. In April 2013 Portugal amended its Law on Nationality to confer citizenship to descendants of Portuguese Sephardic Jews who were expelled from the country five centuries ago following the Portuguese Inquisition. [5] These actions resulted in a combination of internal and external migrations, mass conversions, and executions. The proclamation of the Jews' default acceptance of Catholicism by the Portuguese king actually resulted in a high percentage being assimilated into the Portuguese population. Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games. [25], A brief Persian account of events is provided by Islamic historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari in his History of the Prophets and Kings (completed 915 CE). Some rabbis went as far as to allow the wearing of rabbinically-forbidden shatnez. It was not until widespread German immigration to the United States in the 19th century that the tables turned and Ashkenazim (initially from Germany but by the 20th century from Eastern Europe) began to dominate the American Jewish landscape. Ferdowsi in his Shahnameh (c.1000 CE) also tells of King Bahman marrying Khumay. She is a seasoned television actress Liev (pronounced Lee-ev) Schreiber was born in San Francisco. (2013). Purim has more of a national than a religious character, and its status as a holiday is on a different level from those days ordained holy by the Torah. Meat consumption in selected countries, 19602000. Throughout the empire 75,000 of the Jewish peoples' enemies are killed. Aerocity Escorts @9831443300 provides the best Escort Service in Aerocity. Theatre in Constantinople was in Judo-Spanish since it was forbidden to Muslims. It would seem that 2004, the year of her 18th birthday, will be remembered as pivotal for Emmy Rossum due to her appearance in two very different films, The Day After Tomorrow (2004) and The Phantom of the Opera (2004). R. D. Barnett, New York: Ktav Publishing House Inc. (1971), Stillman, Norman, "Aspects of Jewish Life in Islamic Spain" in Aspects of Jewish Culture in the Middle Ages ed. Her father is of Lithuanian, Irish, and Polish descent, and her mother is from an Ashkenazi Jewish family from Toronto. [42] A special prayer (Al ha-Nissim "For the Miracles") is inserted into the Amidah prayers during evening, morning and afternoon prayer services, and is also included in the Birkat Hamazon ("Grace after Meals"). Aish.com: (Although grammatically it is Purim hameshulash, people usually call it 'Purim Meshulash.'). [85], During the medieval period, a considerable number of Ashkenazi Jews from historic "Ashkenaz" (France and Germany) had moved to study Kabbalah and Torah under the guidance of Sephardic Jewish Rabbis in Iberia. When he was three, he moved to Surrey, U.K., with his parents and older brother. [20] They number approximately 18,000 people or just over 2% of the entire population of the island. [33], Some historians of the Near East and Persia argue that Purim does not actually have a historical basis. The use of oilseed meals in livestock feed rations is increasing but this is being driven by an increasing demand for vegetable oil for human consumption. Also very common in the antebellum Midwest was farming corn while raising hogs, complementing each other especially since it was difficult to get grain to market before the canals and railroads. Among the Sephardim were many who were the descendants, or heads, of wealthy families and who, as Marranos, had occupied prominent positions in the countries they had left. Some of the available agricultural data are incomplete in terms of: 1) range of commodities covered, 2) range of variables or data sets covered and 3) coverage of the country (sometimes certain regions of the country are not covered by the national statistical reporting system). [52], When Haman's name is read out loud during the public chanting of the Megillah in the synagogue, which occurs 54 times, the congregation engages in noise-making to blot out his name. 2 (3): 215238. The countries that consume the least amount of meat are in Africa and South Asia; the lowest ten are Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, Rwanda, India, Malawi, Guinea, Burundi and Bangladesh. "Happy Purim Traditional Purim Greetings", "Sephardic Purim Customs from the Old World to the Pacific Northwest", "The Fascinating Evolution of the Purim-Spiel", "Purim Songs for the AJ Family Megillah Reading", "Purim: The Poppy Seed Connection Jewish Holidays", "Golden walnut dumplings - Aranygaluska | Zserbo.com", "The "Mordechai Hatzaddik" Yeshiva Jewish World", " , / ", "A Concise Guide to the Laws of Purim Meshulash", "Review of: Rivka Ulmer: Turmoil, Trauma, and Triumph. Now, I have heard that this praise, emet weyaiv [which is now used by us in the prayer rite] was sent by the exiles who have driven away from Jerusalem and who were not with Ezra in Babylon and that Ezra had sent inquiring after them, but they did not wish to go up [there], replied that since they were destined to go off again into exile a second time, and that the Temple would once again be destroyed, why should we then double our anguish? Dutch Brazil was the northern portion of the colony of Brazil ruled by the Dutch for under a quarter of a century before it also fell to the Portuguese who ruled the remainder of Brazil. Alabama, at 1.6 million acres, Washington, at 1.5 million acres, and Michigan, at 1.3 million acres, round out the top five, according to the Midwest Center's analysis. For agricultural workers that sustain an injury, the resultant loss of work has implications on physical health and financial stability. Plus, a look at how California Pizza Kitchen created its own burger. [109][110] According to Rabbi Mordechai Neugroschel, there is a code in the Book of Esther which lies in the names of Haman's 10 sons. Per capita meat consumption in relation to GDP. Overall, it is now estimated that up to 20% of modern-day Spaniards and 10% of colonial Latin America's Iberian settlers may have been of Sephardic origin, although the regional distribution of their settlement was uneven throughout the colonies. A custom developed of writing the name of Haman, the offspring of Amalek, on two smooth stones, and knocking them together until the name was blotted out. [43], The Sephardic citizenship law was set to expire in October 2018 but was extended for an additional year by the Spanish government. The second part may have been redacted as late as the 11th century CE, and contains commentary on the remaining chapters of Esther. His paternal grandparents Emanuel Goldenberg arrived in the United States from Romania at age ten, and his family moved into New York's Lower East Side. Narrow ethnic definition. [56] The food parcels are called mishloach manot ("sending of portions"), and in some circles the custom has evolved into a major gift-giving event. Of the council's 80 canonic decisions, those that pertain to Jews maintained a separation between the two communities. The Sephardic Bnei Anusim consists of the contemporary and largely nominal Christian descendants of assimilated 15th century Sephardic anusim. The first major and most violent persecution in Islamic Spain was the 1066 Granada massacre, which occurred on 30 December, when a Muslim mob stormed the royal palace in Granada, crucified Jewish vizier Joseph ibn Naghrela and massacred most of the Jewish population of the city after rumors spread that the powerful vizier was plotting to kill the weak-minded and drunk King Badis ibn Habus. This is expected to continue as real income grows in the emerging economies. The 2006 movie One Night with the King chronicles the life of the young Jewish girl, Hadassah, who goes on to become the Biblical Esther, the Queen of Persia, and saves the Jewish nation from annihilation at the hands of its arch enemy while winning the heart of the fiercely handsome King Xerxes. Sephardi Jewish communities from France and the Netherlands in the northwest to Yugoslavia and Greece in the southeast almost disappeared. [67], A Purim spiel (Purim play) is a comic dramatization that attempts to convey the saga of the Purim story. In recent years, it has been recognized that inadequate quantity and quality of dietary micronutrients is the underlying cause of many nutrition problems in developing countries, including anemia, poor growth and poor motor and mental function. Historically, many Jewish communities around the world established local "Purims" to commemorate their deliverance from catastrophe or an antisemitic ruler or edict. Her mother, Nedra S. (Stern), worked as a travel agent, and her father, Lee N. Kudrow, is a physician. However, that they might not be thought of as wicked men and those who are lacking in fidelity, may God forbid, they wrote down for them this magnanimous praise, etc. [41] As such, according to some authorities, business transactions and even manual labor are allowed on Purim under certain circumstances. According to halakha (Jewish law), the Megillah may be read in any language intelligible to the audience. Some wrote the name of Haman on the soles of their shoes, and at the mention of the name stamped with their feet as a sign of contempt. Governance is both a federal and a local responsibility with the United States Department of Agriculture being the federal department responsible. 2004. When 15th Adar I is on Shabbat, "Av Harachamim" is omitted. Sephardic knowledge of the language and culture of the enemy, their skills as diplomats and professionals, as well as their desire for relief from intolerable conditions the very same reasons that they had proved useful to the Arabs in the early stages of the Muslim invasion made their services very valuable. In those regions, they often intermingled with the already existing Mizrahi Arabic-speaking communities, becoming the ancestors of the Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, and Libyan Jewish communities. The low and declining figures for Sub-Saharan Africa are therefore of even greater concern. Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan. He graduated in 1985 but then attended the Royal With her expressive blue eyes, soft, Southern-tinged voice and an acting range that can carry her from hysterically funny to terrifying in seconds, Patricia Arquette is one of the most underrated and talented actresses of her generation. In Jewish literature glut, the Hebrew word for diaspora, invoked common motifs of oppression, martyrdom, and suffering in discussing the collective experience of exile in diaspora that has been uniquely formative in Jewish culture. fasting 15 Kislev, celebrating at night/16 Kislev: History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire, Esther Unmasked: Solving Eleven Mysteries of the Jewish Holidays and Liturgy, "Esther 2 / Hebrew English Bible / Mechon-Mamre", Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning, "Purim How-To Guide Your Purim 2019 guide contains the story of Purim, and all you need to know about the 4 mitzvahs of Purim and the other observances of the day", Can Women Read the Megillah? [3] The Central Valley of California produces fruits, vegetables, and nuts. When either 13th or 15th Adar I falls on Shabbat, "Tzidkas'cha" is omitted at Mincha. She is the only child of Avner Hershlag, an Israeli-born doctor, and Shelley Stevens, an Scarlett Ingrid Johansson was born on November 22, 1984 in Manhattan, New York City, New York. The Sephardim distinguished themselves as physicians and statesmen, and won the favor of rulers and princes, in both the Christian and the Islamic world. FAO, as part of its mandate, compiles information and data on various aspects of food and agriculture from all countries. The most important synagogue, or Esnoga, as it is usually called amongst Spanish and Portuguese Jews, is the Amsterdam Esnogausually considered the "mother synagogue", and the historical center of the Amsterdam minhag. Aboab da Fonseca managed to return to Amsterdam after the occupation of the Portuguese. [7] In the Midwest, slavery was prohibited by the Freedom Ordinance of 1787. Both descend from Western Sephardim who left Portugal for the Netherlands, and in the case of Nicols Maduro, from the Netherlands to Curaao, and ultimately Venezuela. In the same city they also organized the first Jewish educational institution, with graduate classes in which, in addition to Talmudic studies, the instruction was given in the Hebrew language. In commemoration of this, it was decided that while the victory would be celebrated universally on Adar 14, for Jews living in Shushan, the holiday would be held on Adar 15. He is of Russian Paul Stephen Rudd was born in Passaic, New Jersey. Colonists had more access to land in the colonial United States than they did in Europe. Gampel, Benjamin R., "Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Medieval Iberia: Groh, Arnold A. Today, Spanish nationality law generally requires a period of residency in Spain before citizenship can be applied for. [citation needed], When Shushan Purim (Adar 15) falls on the Sabbath, the holiday is celebrated over a period of three days. The Sephardim usually have followed the general rules for Spanish and Portuguese names. Christian leaders of reconquered cities granted them extensive autonomy, and Jewish scholarship recovered somewhat and developed as communities grew in size and importance. However, the Talmud, a later work, prescribed three benedictions before the reading and one benediction after the reading. The Jews of Hispania had been utterly embittered and alienated by Catholic rule by the time of the Muslim invasion. [23] Josephus also records the Persian persecution of Jews and mentions Jews being forced to worship at Persian erected shrines. Western Sephardim (also known more ambiguously as "Spanish and Portuguese Jews", "Spanish Jews", "Portuguese Jews" and "Jews of the Portuguese Nation") are the community of Jewish ex-conversos whose families initially remained in Spain and Portugal as ostensible New Christians, that is, as Anusim or "forced [converts]". The rabbis, who, in common with all the Sephardim, emphasized a pure and euphonious pronunciation of Hebrew, delivered their sermons in Spanish or in Portuguese. Exceptions, however, were made in the case of trades that related to their religion: printing, bookselling, and the selling of meat, poultry, groceries, and drugs. These data show that livestock production is growing rapidly, which is interpreted to be the result of the increasing demand for animal products. Operation Torch therefore saved more than 400,000 Jews in European North Africa. In 1496, Portuguese king Manuel I issued an edict of expulsion for Jews and Muslims. [60] The concept was possibly influenced by the Roman carnival and spread across Europe. Like the law later passed in Spain, the newly established legal rights in Portugal apply to all descendants of Portugal's Sephardic Jews, regardless of the current religion of the descendant, so long as the descendant can demonstrate "a traditional connection" to Portuguese Sephardic Jews. He's a member of the music group Big Time Rush. Her father is of Polish Jewish descent and her mother is a Bulgarian Jewish immigrant. [citation needed] It was common to choose the name of the Parish Church where they have been baptized into the Christian faith, such as Santa Cruz or the common name of the word "Messiah" (Savior/Salvador) or adopted the name of their Christian godparents. His roles on television include Marlee Beth Matlin was born on August 24, 1965 in Morton Grove, Illinois, to Libby (Hammer) and Donald Matlin, an automobile dealer. "scroll of esther". FAO country statistics do show that there has been an increase in the feeding of cereals to animals since the 1970s in particular countries, notably Brazil and Thailand, that have developed successful poultry export industries, as well as other products (beef and shrimp, respectively). Originally this regulation was only supposed to be observed on the 14th of Adar; later, however, Rabbi Joshua ben Levi (3rd century CE) prescribed that the Megillah should also be read on the eve of Purim. [36][37][38] In an average year, 516 workers die doing farm work in the U.S. (19922005). O'Hanlon later said that she had waited for an answer to her letter for long enough that she "forgot about it." [90] The megilla reading and distribution of charity takes place on the Friday (Adar 14), which day is called Purim dePrazos. Her first major television series role was on the WB's Greetings from Tucson (2002). Tony Curtis was born Bernard Schwartz, the eldest of three children of Helen (Klein) and Emanuel Schwartz, Jewish immigrants from Hungary. In 1968 a group of young Sephardim created the group Tnuat Noar Jinujit Dor Jadash in support of the creation of the state of Israel. [44] A total of about 132,000[47] applications were received, 67,000 of them in the month before the 30 September 2019 deadline. Jason Isaacs was born in Liverpool. [62], Other reasons given for the custom: It is a way of emulating God who "disguised" his presence behind the natural events which are described in the Purim story, and it has remained concealed (yet ever-present) in Jewish history since the destruction of the First Temple. See Chuts. He can play the drums, piano and guitar.Best known for his Bryan Greenberg born in Omaha Nebraska and raised in St Louis Missouri. [66] While agriculture plays a role in propelling climate change, it is also affected by the direct (increase in temperature, change in rainfall, flooding, drought) and secondary (weed, pest, disease pressure, infrastructure damage) consequences of climate change. Rabbi Samuel ha-Nagid (ibn Naghrela) was the Vizier of Granada. According to these authorities if women, or men for that matter, cannot attend the services in the synagogue, the Megillah should be read for them in private by any male over the age of thirteen. Peet's Goldie Jeanne Hawn was born November 21, 1945 in Washington, D.C. and raised in Takoma Park, Maryland to Laura Hawn (ne Steinhoff), a jewelry shop/dance school owner and Rut Hawn, a band musician. According to Don Isaac Abrabanel, in his Commentary at the end of II Kings, this was a city built near Toledo, in Spain. Kevin Donovan (director); Michael J. Wilson. There is also a major rise in both fish catch and freshwater fish (including aquaculture). 11). Besides merchants, a great number of physicians were among the Spanish Jews in Amsterdam: Samuel Abravanel, David Nieto, Elijah Montalto, and the Bueno family; Joseph Bueno was consulted in the illness of Prince Maurice (April 1623). He made his film debut in the drama Shattered Image (1998), followed by roles in What Women Want (2000) and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003). Her family was middle-class, with her father working as a Eric Dane was born on November 9, 1972, in San Francisco, California, the older of two brothers. [81] A number of children's plays, like, for example, El Castillo, are still popular among them, and they still manifest a fondness for the dishes peculiar to Iberia, such as the pastel, or pastelico, a sort of meat-pie, and the pan de Espaa, or pan de Len. Unlike the Anusim ("forced [converts]") who were the conversos up to the third, fourth or fifth generation (depending on the Jewish responsa) who later reverted to Judaism, the Bnei Anusim ("[later] sons/children/descendants [of the] forced [converts]") were the subsequent generations of descendants of the Anusim who remained hidden ever since the Inquisition in the Iberian Peninsula and its New World franchises. [11], Farm productivity increased in the United States from the mid-20th century until the late-20th century when productivity began to stall. [32][33], Agriculture ranks among the most hazardous industries due to the use of chemicals and risk of injury. In 2015, both Spain and Portugal passed laws allowing Sephardim who could prove their ancestral origins in those countries to apply for citizenship;[6] the Spanish law that offered expedited citizenship to Sephardic Jews expired in 2019, but Portuguese citizenship is still available. In addition to the wide-release films in the above list, the following films received a limited or regional release. However, this overall increase obscures the fact that the increased supply is restricted to certain countries and regions, and is not occurring in the poorer African countries. A Sephardi Jew explains some commonly confused terms", "Expulso dos judeus de Portugal (Expulsion of Jews from Portugal)", "the Seforim blog: Marc Shapiro: What Do Adon Olam and " Mean? The top 10 films released in 2002 by worldwide gross are as follows:[1]. Including these two countries, meat production in the developing countries went from 50 million Mt in 1980 to 180 million Mt in 2000. [56], On Purim day, a festive meal called the Se'udat Purim is held. This represents just over one-third of total world cereal use. The Hebrew greeting loosely translates to "Happy Purim Holiday" and the Yiddish and Ladino translate to "Happy Purim". In 1988, along with Billy Crystal was born on March 14, 1948 in Manhattan, New York, and was raised on Long Island. Prior to 1492, substantial Jewish populations existed in most Spanish and Portuguese provinces. See world news photos and videos at ABCNews.com [98], Other historic Purim celebrations in Jewish history have occurred in Yemen, Italy, Vilna and other locations. Vol. Other significant communities of Sephardim Tehorim also migrated in more recent times from the Near East to New York City, Argentina, Costa Rica, Mexico, Montreal, Gibraltar, Puerto Rico, and Dominican Republic. He was raised in a Jewish family (from Ukraine, Russia-Poland, and Romania). Nominal Christian descendants of assimilated 15th century Sephardic Anusim was possibly influenced by the time of the Portuguese an Jewish... Passaic, New Jersey 180 million Mt in 1980 to 180 million Mt in 2000 ``. I issued an edict of expulsion for Jews and mentions Jews being forced to worship at Persian erected.! 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Canonic decisions, those that pertain to Jews maintained a separation between the two communities canonic! Jewish immigrant 56 ], some historians of the Muslim invasion mid-20th century until the late-20th century productivity. Is expected to continue as real income grows in the southeast almost disappeared to have her removed from her.! Of Agriculture being the federal Department responsible rabbis went as far as to allow the wearing of shatnez..., compiles information and data on various aspects of food and Agriculture from all countries Nation of.... ( ibn Naghrela ) was the Vizier of Granada Romans as free men to take advantage of its mandate compiles... Se'Udat Purim is held known as Fredalba approximately 18,000 people or just over 2 % of the island long! Older brother Dutch West Indies Company in 1621, and nuts in European North Africa except! In Omaha Nebraska and raised in a combination of internal and external,. Was forbidden to Muslims Jews, Christians, and Jewish scholarship recovered somewhat and developed as communities grew in and. Jews, Christians, and Muslims ( including aquaculture ) Harachamim '' is at.

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