February 17, 2021, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/Opioid Withdrawal in Infants, Postpartum Depression and the Baby Blues: Signs Symptoms, Coping Tips, and Treatment, Trends in Postpartum Depressive Symptoms 27 States, 2004, 2008, and 2012, The Role of Reproductive Hormones in Postpartum Depression, The Identification of Postpartum Depression, FDA approves first treatment for post-partum depression, Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child, Early maternal depressive symptoms and child growth trajectories: a longitudinal analysis of a nationally representative US birth cohort, Does maternal psychopathology increase the risk of pre-schooler obesity? Beard KW, Wolf EM. To date, reviews have focused on clinical and treatment studies of Internet addiction[16-19] and Internet Gaming Disorder[2]. When that happens, try to arrange support and help in your new situation ahead of time. CI, confidence interval. Four main types of clinical research studies were identified, namely research involving (1) treatment seeker characteristics; (2) psychopharmacotherapy; (3) psychological therapy; and (4) combined treatment. Psychopathy, antisocial personality, and suicide risk. These estimates indicate the degree to which the genetic, shared, or non-shared environmental effects of one variable are correlated with that same effect on another variable. Even so, clinicians need to assess the costs and benefits of the medication they are prescribing for treating Internet addiction as some side effects may impact treatment acceptability and treatment adherence in patients. Breslau N, Davis GC, Schultz LR. Moreover, although Internet addiction symptoms were reduced after treatment in the experimental group[149], this was not the case for the groups scores on beliefs and behaviours related to Internet use and psychological well-being, and there was only a small improvement in parental monitoring and functioning following treatment. A literature search was conducted using the database Web of Science. Effects of electroacupuncture combined psycho-intervention on cognitive function and event-related potentials P300 and mismatch negativity in patients with internet addiction. It resulted in a significant reduction of time spent online (reduced by half in comparison to the controls), a decrease in the Internet addiction measure, and, from the parents perspective, more satisfaction regarding their childs online behaviours. The treatment outcomes were measured through scores on a number of psychometric scales covering excessive Internet use, including the Internet Overuse Self-Rating Scale[67,68], the Adolescent Pathological Internet Use Scale[120], the Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire[48], and the assessment of emotional, cognitive and behavioural symptoms. For all disorders, the genetic correlations were consistent with the findings based on the composites. Having depression can affect your baby. Social Influence Schizoaffective disorder is a category used for individuals showing aspects of both schizophrenia and affective disorders. Given the inverse association between Fearless Dominance and indices of Int, and the positive association between Impulsive Antisociality and indices of Ext, we hypothesized a parallel genetic relationship among these variables. 2012. The aim of this literature review is to provide a comprehensive overview of clinical studies on the clinical picture of Internet-use related addictions from a holistic perspective. Prevention, diagnostics, and therapy of computer game addiction. Jean E. Dumas, Psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Louvain-la-Neuve, De Boek Suprieur, 2013, 783p. (ISBN978-2-8041-7312-8, lire en ligne). They can also refer you to a mental health professional for help and treatment. Gender differences for demographic variables and measure characteristics were determined using student t-tests and 2 analyses where appropriate. Over the last 15 years, the number of Internet users has increased by 1000%[], and at the same time, research on addictive Internet use has proliferated.Internet addiction has not yet been understood very well, and research on its etiology and natural history is still in its infancy[].Currently, it is estimated that between 0.8% of young individuals in Italy[] and In the few studies conducted, antidepressant medication has been used most, suggesting mood disorders may be comorbid with Internet use addiction. Another popular measure appeared to be the Assessment of Internet and Computer Game Addiction Scale (AICA-S)[44,194], which was used in seven studies[43,78,124,130,133,188,197]. On the need for separating psychopathy into two distinct clinical types: Symptomatic and idiopathic. 2003; Lilienfeld & Skeem, 2004). The classical family therapy approach used in one study[136] was based on Bowens[216] family system theory, which focused on the distinction of the self-inside from the self within the family constellation, and was based on an extensive analysis of family-of-origin problems and communication patterns. Accordingly, in order to be diagnosed with IAD, patients had to fulfil the following criteria: The presence of preoccupation and withdrawal (combined with at least one of the following: Tolerance, lack of control, continued excessive use despite knowledge of negative effects/affects, loss of interests excluding the Internet, and Internet use to escape or relieve a dysphoric mood). Multi-dimensional discriminative factors for Internet addiction among adolescents regarding gender and age. Psychiatric comorbidity assessed in Korean children and adolescents who screen positive for Internet addiction. Cognitive behavior therapy with Internet addicts: treatment outcomes and implications. Mood disorders were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression[39], Becks Depression Inventory[132], and the Mood Disorder Questionnaire[198]. It can Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) was developed by Poddar et al[138] and was tested in the context of treating IGD. This arguably limits the analysis to a specific diagnosis of a potential disorder that has not yet been officially recognised in the Western world, rather than a comprehensive and inclusive investigation of Internet-use related addictions (including problematic Internet use) more generally. The essential handbook of treatment and prevention of alcohol problems. Or, cette dernire est sujette caution. impulsive antisocial behavior, irresponsibility, promiscuity, failure to follow any life plan). Reardon ML, Lang AR, Patrick CJ. Psychopathography of Adolf Hitler An overview of cyberaddictions from a psychological perspective. Another type of medicine called esketamine can treat depression and is given as a nasal (nose) spray in a doctor's office or clinic. Korhonen, M., Luoma, I., Salmelin, R., Tamminen, T. (2014). In another study[113], Chens Internet Addiction Scale[117] was administered, which is a 26-item self-report measure of core Internet addiction symptoms, including tolerance, compulsive use, withdrawal, and related problems (i.e., negative impact on social activities, interpersonal relationships, physical condition, and time management). Accessibility Ko CH, Yen JY, Chen SH, Yang MJ, Lin HC, Yen CF. Participating twins were predominately Caucasian (98%), which is consistent with the demographics of Minnesota when the twins were born. Flow chart displaying the search process. Prejudice, Social Stress, and Mental Health Genetic and environmental factors in antisocial behavior disorders. Although genetic links between personality and psychopathology have been repeatedly observed (Carey & DiLalla, 1994; Slutske et al. There was a significant additive effect of number of types of childhood trauma experienced with lifetime cocaine dependence in predicting current PTSD symptoms, and this effect was independent of levels of adult trauma. Over the last 15 years, the number of Internet users has increased by 1000%[], and at the same time, research on addictive Internet use has proliferated.Internet addiction has not yet been understood very well, and research on its etiology and natural history is still in its infancy[].Currently, it is estimated that between 0.8% of young individuals in Italy[] and Ce dsir, videmment, a quelque chose de rvolutionnaire. A total of 587 participants were included in this study, with a greater number of females (N = 359, 61.2%) than males (N = 228, 38.8%). Openness to experience This work was completed by Daniel M. Blonigen in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts at the University of Minnesota under the supervision of Robert F. Krueger and Christopher J. Patrick. Evaluation of an Internet addiction treatment program for Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Conversely, given the results found by the included studies, psychopharmacotherapy does not always appear to be as efficacious for psychological problems, such as major depression, as it is for Internet and gaming addiction. There was virtually no evidence of shared environmental contributions to any of the phenotypes. Young KS. All families were mailed the MPQ prior to their intake assessment. Participants were 626 pairs of 17-year-old male and female twins from the community. Weber K, Rockstroh B, Borgelt J, et al. A comprehensive description of the objectives and design of the MTFS has been provided elsewhere (Iacono et al. Harlow BL, Barbieri RL. Physical abuse in men significantly correlates with current cocaine and lifetime/current heroin use (P<.01), while in women it is linked to lifetime cocaine and marijuana use (P<.01). Han DH, Hwang JW, Renshaw PF. Han DH, Renshaw PF. By applying these stages, a reduction of IGD and online gaming was achieved, and school performance was improved. The reliability and validity of Korean parent and teacher ADHD rating scale. Karpman, 1948) have posited that primary psychopathy may reflect stronger genetic influences than secondary psychopathy. Schwartz AC, Bradley RL, Sexton M, Sherry A, Ressler KJ. These findings were maintained at follow-up. A total of 46 empirical clinical studies were identified, which focused on treatment seeker characteristics and different types of therapy provisions. MZ (identical) twins share 100% of their additive genetic effects while DZ (fraternal) twins share 50% of these effects, on average. Subsequent validation studies have demonstrated that both PPI factors demonstrate convergent and discriminant validity for the interpersonal-affective and antisocial traits of psychopathy (Benning et al. 0000001581 00000 n Liu TC, Desai RA, Krishnan-Sarin S, Cavallo DA, Potenza MN. ET (closed on federal holidays). Additionally, emotional abuse was associated with cocaine use in the current study. This relationship remained significant after controlling for age, sex, and adulthood trauma exposure. King DL, Delfabbro PH, Griffiths MD, Gradisar M. Assessing clinical trials of Internet addiction treatment: a systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. %PDF-1.4 % In sum, the studied psychopharmacological treatments for Internet addiction proved efficacious in decreasing both Internet addiction symptoms as well as symptoms of other psychopathologies for which the specific medications have been licensed. SCL-90. The current study deals with continuous variables of substance exposure that take into account frequency, duration, and amount used during the period of heaviest use. Schiller, C.E., Meltzer-Brody, S., Rubinow, D.R. Bremner JD, Vermetten E, Mazure CM. Personal characteristics related to the risk of adolescent internet addiction: a survey in Shanghai, China. Download full-text PDF. Internet addiction: prevalence, discriminant validity and correlates among adolescents in Hong Kong. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Patient Version (SCID-P), version 2. At follow-up (i.e., four weeks post treatment), the reduction in gaming hours and level of Internet addiction was maintained, while the depression recurred. One case study included an Australian adolescent[112]. Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits.These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty.Various researchers emphasize the role of critical thinking in order to distinguish education from indoctrination.Some theorists require Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders IV. (2003) found that the primary scales of the MPQ captures a substantial portion of variance in these factors (R=0.89 for Fearless Dominance; 0.84 for Impulsive Antisociality).2 Recently, Benning et al. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Cooke DJ, Michie C. Refining the construct of psychopathy: towards a hierarchical model. Postpartum psychosis is rare. The following paragraphs will outline the treatment seekers sociodemographic characteristics, Internet/gaming addiction measures used to ascertain diagnostic status in the respective studies, differential diagnoses and comorbidities. Taylor J, Iacono WG, McGue M. Evidence for a genetic etiology of early-onset delinquency. Low levels of thyroid hormones can cause symptoms of depression. 1-800-994-9662 SSRIs are the method of choice for mood and anxiety disorders and related symptoms[246], and benzodiazepines have anti-anxiety and relaxing properties[247]. Karpman B. Current PTSD level between cocaine dependence groups across childhood trauma quartiles. Taken together, all of the combined therapies were efficacious in treating Internet use-related problems, whereas the benefits for comorbid psychopathology (e.g., depression) were limited. Comorbidity of substance use and post-traumatic stress disorders in a community sample of adolescents. Patton JH, Stanford MS, Barratt ES. 2001; Verona et al. The Internalizing was calculated by taking the average standardized (via z-score transformation) symptom count score among major depression, social phobia, and simple phobia. Combined cognitive behavioral therapy and bupropion for the treatment of problematic on-line game play in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Across all four quartiles, the cocaine-dependent group had significantly higher PSS scores than the non-dependent group (F = 13.50, P<.001). 0000005613 00000 n Results: In this highly traumatized population, high rates of lifetime dependence on various substances were found (39% alcohol, 34.1% cocaine, 6.2% heroin/opiates, and 44.8% marijuana). xb```b``a`a`` |@1V R`bQyo Ff89r`-,K$6^O)Y,KkPaf(`xeb%\%xJU4$VWR[.:* +$\A $t8HE%@@`@9E@%nWfg4c^?CAA;>eJ96H?\Hzet:) k8Px*@Z!n5Xo-IH R Differential levels of current PTSD symptomology between those with and without lifetime substance dependence are demonstrated in Figure 2. criminality, juvenile delinquency, APD) rather than the interpersonal-affective traits of the syndrome. Effects of Mindfulness on Psychological Health: A Review of OWH and the OWH helpline do not see patients and are unable to: diagnose your medical condition; provide treatment; prescribe medication; or refer you to specialists. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. White HR, Widom CS. Gude T, Moum T, Kaldestad E, Friis S. Inventory of interpersonal problems: a three-dimensional balanced and scalable 48-item version. Additionally, no studies have examined etiological connections between psychopathic traits and the broad psychopathological domains of internalizing (mood and anxiety) and externalizing (antisocial behavior, substance abuse). To examine the etiological connections between psychopathic traits and Int and Ext, we fit a Cholesky decomposition to the data, which parses the individual variance of each phenotype as well as the covariance between phenotypes into genetic, shared, or non-shared environmental factors. Wan JJ, Zhang JT, Liu QX, Deng LY, Fang XY. Patrick CJ. Psychopathic Behaviour: Approaches to Research. After controlling for age and sex, lifetime cocaine dependence was significantly associated with a higher PSS total score (F = 26.90, P<.001) as well as symptom level across all three clusters (Intrusive: F = 18.46, P<.001; Avoidance/Numbing: F = 20.91, P<.001; and Hyperarousal: F = 23.07, P<.001).

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