The following is a list of the 30 most disturbing human experiments in history. In 1941, at the University of Michigan, virologists Thomas Francis, Jonas Salk and other researchers deliberately infected patients at several Michigan mental institutions with the influenza virus by spraying the virus into their nasal passages. For 20 years, the Central Intelligence Agency ran a medical program called MK Ultra, where they tried to find chemicals to control peoples minds. The San Diego VA Medical Center in La Jolla is shown on Sept. 26, 2019. He submitted his research to the Journal of Experimental Medicine which rejected the findings due to the ethically questionable research methods used in the study. [124] Project BLUEBIRD researchers dosed over 7,000 U.S. military personnel with LSD, without their knowledge or consent, at the Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland. 1. Operation Midnight Climax 19. Then, the infants' feet were immersed in ice-cold water to quickly lower the children's temperatures, after which the aortic pressure created by the immersion was measured. Sleep deprivation tests were performed on over a dozen prisoners, in 48-, 96- and 180-hour increments. One such experiment took place over the city of San Francisco in 1950. The experiment included 600 male subjects, 399 with syphilis and 201 disease-free. Emma Eckstein 23. Until the Project MKUltra revelations, the cause of Olson's death was covered up for 22 years.[128]. The Hastings Center Report 8(6): 21-29. Researchers in the United States have performed thousands of human radiation experiments to determine the effects of atomic radiation and radioactive contamination on the human body, generally on people who were poor, sick, or powerless. By the end of the study in 1972, only 74 of the test subjects were alive. After the studies, the children's blistered skin was removed with scissors and swabbed with peroxide. The subjects, 10 of whom had previously been identified as stutterers, were divided into two groups, each with 5 stutterers and 6 regular speakers. In his trial, Lavrenty Beria, the notorious head of Stalins secret police, defended his role in the laboratory system by saying while hed given the orders for the experiments to go ahead, he hadnt come up with the idea himself. Dr. Money told them to go through a sex-change operation and raise their son as a daughter. On April 26, 1976, the Church Committee of the United States Senate issued a report, Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operation with Respect to Intelligence Activities,[140] In Book I, Chapter XVII, p.389, this report states: LSD was one of the materials tested in the MKULTRA program. Shockingly, Hofling found that 21 out of 22 nurses in the experiment would do exactly as they were told without question. [179] Later studies showed the artificial blood caused a significant increase in the risk of heart attacks and death. It laid out many modern guidelines for ethical medical research. The San Francisco Chronicle, December 17, 1979, p.5 reported a claim by the Church of Scientology that the CIA conducted an open-air biological warfare experiment in 1955 near Tampa, Florida, and elsewhere in Florida with whooping cough bacteria. During the 1950s, the U.S. government sprayed bacteria over entire cities, not as actual biological warfare, but as simulations of biological attacks to prepare for such eventualities. The personnel were not notified of the tests, and were not given any protective clothing. Bartholow was criticized by fellow physicians and the American Medical Association formally condemned his experiments as he had caused direct harm to the patient, not in an attempt to treat her but, solely to gain knowledge. Bartholow apologized for his actions and expressed regret that some knowledge had been gained "at the expense of some injury to the patient". [67], Between 1953 and 1957, at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Dr. William Sweet injected eleven terminally ill, comatose and semi-comatose patients with uranium in an experiment to determine, among other things, its viability as a chemotherapy treatment against brain tumors, which all but one of the patients had (one being a misdiagnosis). Notable examples of unethical human experiments. Complicating the issue even further is what to do with the undeniably valuabledata generated by some unethical human experiments. Here are some notable examples of unethical human experimentation, around the world: 1874: Robert Bartholomew places electrodes on a study participant with a tumor in order to determine whether electric current causes bodily movements or pain. Participation in these studies was either forced or coerced under false pretenses. This was done with no intention of treating her. ", One of the experiments involved the removal of testicles from healthy prisoners who had been executed, and the implantation of these testicles into senile prisoners. 1978. The irradiated patients were allegedly not given palliatives to prevent side effects of radiation, (nausea and vomiting) else they interfered with data. it was fun, fun, fun. The appalling experimenting of David Reimer was begun by accident. His book documents and details numerous CIA and military sponsored unwitting human experiments. The women experienced an abnormally high number of miscarriages and babies with low birth weight (LBW). Many of these experiments were performed to help develop more effective torture and interrogation techniques for the U.S. military and intelligence agencies, and to develop techniques for Americans to resist torture at the hands of enemy nations and organizations. This project was kept secret primarily because it would be a public relations disaster; as a result parents and family were not told what was being done with the body parts of their relatives. In reality, the procedures involved deliberately infecting children with viral hepatitis by feeding them an extract made from the feces of patients infected with the disease. Why? 7. Working in concentration camps, Nazi doctors subjected prisoners either to hours in freezing water or to simply standing, naked, in the bitterly cold night air. This paper gives the first results of a comprehensive evidence-based evaluation of the different categories of victims. [80][bettersourceneeded], In the 1950s, researchers at the Medical College of Virginia performed experiments on severe burn victims, most of them poor and black, without their knowledge or consent, with funding from the Army and in collaboration with the AEC. One patient's tragic, and telling, story", "The Deadly Corruption of Clinical Trials" Author Carl Elliott. In 1961, in response to the Nuremberg Trials, the Yale psychologist Stanley Milgram performed his "Obedience to Authority Study", also known as the Milgram Experiment, to determine if it was possible that the Nazi genocide could have resulted from millions of people who were "just following orders". In studies running from 1947 to 1953, which were known as Project Chatter, the U.S. Navy began identifying and testing truth serums, which they hoped could be used during interrogations of Soviet spies. [64], In another AEC study, researchers at the University of Nebraska College of Medicine fed iodine-131 to 28 healthy infants through a gastric tube to test the concentration of iodine in the infants' thyroid glands. [88], In a series of studies which were published in the medical journal Pediatrics, researchers from the University of California Department of Pediatrics performed experiments on 113 newborns ranging in age from one hour to three days, in which they studied changes in blood pressure and blood flow. Prison Inmates as Test Subjects Henrietta Lacks 26. [53][57][58][59][60] The Chicago subway system was also subject to a similar experiment by the Army.[53]. To get a balanced picture of the various potions effects, the testers made sure they got a good selection of ages and sizes amidst their subjects. The convulsion lasted five minutes and was succeeded by a coma. [63], In 1953, the AEC ran several studies at the University of Iowa on the health effects of radioactive iodine in newborns and pregnant women. Dr. Sweet, who died in 2001, maintained that consent had been obtained from the patients and next of kin. Worse, the subjects were discouraged from seeking treatment for their disease elsewhere. "[161] The device, dubbed "pain ray" by its critics, was rejected for fielding in Iraq due to Pentagon fears that it would be used as an instrument of torture. MA vs. MS in Psychology: Whats the Difference? The United States Department of Defense, which sponsored the injection, worked in collusion with the Department of Justice and the New York State Attorney General to conceal evidence of its involvement in the experiment for 23 years. The most notorious of highly unethical human experiments outside of Nazi Germany and the Japanese empire during World War II is the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study. Infants were the primary focus, as they would have had a full opportunity to absorb the new contaminants. [2][3][4] The human research programs were usually highly secretive and performed without the knowledge or authorization of Congress, and in many cases information about them was not released until many years after the studies had been performed. These unethical experiments are essentially the legitimation of satanic ritual abuse being carried out in secret on the unaware public. [12], In 1895, New York City pediatrician Henry Heiman intentionally infected two mentally disabled boysone four-year-old and one sixteen-year-oldwith gonorrhea as part of a medical experiment. [22], The Tuskegee syphilis experiment ("Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male")[23] was a clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 in Tuskegee, Alabama, by the U.S. Public Health Service. The United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) is responsible for conducting numerous radiation experiments that are today condemned as being grossly unethical. Such materials were used on a number of occasions. In 1964, the World Medical Association passed the Declaration of Helsinki, a set of ethical principles for the medical community regarding human experimentation. The facility was founded in 1921 and is still in operation although under different names today. In another study, they gave 25 newborn babies (who were under 36 hours old and weighed from 5.5 to 8.5 pounds (2.5 to 3.9kg)) iodine-131, either by oral administration or through an injection, so that they could measure the amount of iodine in their thyroid glands, as iodine would go to that gland. Some locals were offered evacuation, but most were just left to get on with it. In one case, Cameron forced a person to listen to a message non-stop for 101 days.

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