Bazooka bubble gum also makes sugar-free flavors such as "Original" and a "Flavor Blasts" variety, claimed to have a longer-lasting, more intense taste. But you may be wondering how much sugar-free gum is too much gum to chewespecially since ingredients typically added to . . Getting your pet immediate medical attention can be the difference between life and death. Girl Scout Trefoil cookies are an example. Xylitol is a natural sweetener with surprising health benefits. EXTRA Refreshers Berry Mix Sugar free Chewing Gum, EXTRA Refreshers Mint Mix Sugar free Chewing Gum, EXTRA Refreshers Tropical Mist Chewing Gum, EXTRA Classic Bubble Sugar free Chewing Gum, EXTRA Sweet Watermelon Sugar free Chewing Gum, EXTRA Dessert Delights Mint Chocolate Chip Sugar free Chewing Gum. My conclusion is that the amount of xylitol well get from chewing a few pieces of gum per week will not hurt us, will be good for our teeth, and may even have other benefitsbut I still dont want sugar substitutes of any kind in our foods and drinks. This is because xylitol is low on the glycemic index and has a low blood sugar impact. Patil, S., Rao, R. S., Majumdar, B., & Anil, S. (2015). Did you know xylitol is a sugar alcohol? Learn the good & bad for 250,000+ products. Their structure allows them to stimulate the taste receptors for sweetness on your tongue. This is one reason you can chew sweet-tasting xylitol gum, and it is still good for your dental health. I know that BHT and BHA are ingredients that have to be disclosed in the ingredients list, so these brands do not contain them. Two pieces is all it took. Xylitol seems to be able to neutralize Candida fungi. The gum is made with real peppermint along with an all-natural gum base, unlike generic chewing gums that use plastic. Is that a benefit or a risk? According to the Merck Veterinary Manual, the prognosis for uncomplicated hypoglycemia is good, if prompt treatment is obtained. XyliChew has 1g per piecewhich should be equal to the above, but Im giving you the facts exactly as they appear on the labels. Its also a humectant, which means it can help maintain moisture in a product like baby wipes.. This article examines xylitol and its health effects. So what is your favorite, or maybe a top 3 list? If your pet has a habit of removing chewing gum from your trash bins, stealing packets from countertops, or if you have been in the habit of sharing gum with your pet, you need to know about Xylitol. Signs of poisoning can develop in as little as 30 minutes to one hour. Pr products are made in a nut-free, gluten-free factory and do not contain soy. It is available in four different flavors. Here's the full legal disclaimer. Early research suggests that xylitol may have benefits beyond oral health. You may be surprised to find out that other products that sometimes contain xylitol include chewable vitamins, dental products, nasal sprays, sunscreen, deodorant, make-up and hair products, some human medications, and even baby wipes. You forgot to mention that sugar-free gums can cause problems also because of the xylitol, malitol, and sorbital. Effects of consuming xylitol on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in mice. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'qualitydogresources_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_10',163,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-qualitydogresources_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0');Even if your dog has eaten a brand of Extra Gum that does not contain xylitol, there can be other health and digestive problems which may arise. I love the idea that chewing gum might help to protect her! Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is often used as a sweetener in gum because it is less likely to cause cavities than regular sugar. So, if your dog regularly has a habit of eating food it finds in the trach, on countertops, or in bags, you should opt for chewing gum flavours that contain these artificial sweeteners over those which contain xylitol. Likely the easiest way to avoid all of the dangerous stuff is to get gum that has xylitol as the first ingredient in the list of ingredients that is on all . 6. Becca has done all the research to answer these questions and help you decide on the best chewing gum for your family Katie. If your household has a dog, do not keep xylitol products lying around. This gum is specific about being made with Birch Xylitol extracted from sustainable U.S. forests. Thats good to know because xylitol can be made from a variety of plant materials, including corncobs and sugarcane fiber, which may be genetically modified. Animal studies also suggest that xylitol may increase absorption of calcium in your digestive system, protecting against osteoporosis and strengthening your teeth (14, 15). One study found that chewing gum containing xylitol, in particular, helps prevent bacteria from growing in the mouth. If you increase intake slowly and give your body time to adjust, you likely wont experience any negative effects. Youll need to check the product label to see which sweeteners are used in a particular brand or type of gum. Does it make good bubbles? Oral thrush (AKA oral candidiasis) refers to raised, white, sore patches in your mouth or on your tongue. Your mouth, nose and ears are all interconnected. Certain types of gums that contain xylitol might also contain other sweeteners as flavoring agents. But as I said, the pieces are small enough that bigger kids and adults are likely to want two at once2 pieces is the Serving Size on the label of 3 of these brandsand that will give them about 2g of xylitol. Xylitol is a natural sugar alcohol found in plants, including many fruits and vegetables. Xylitol has about 60% of the calories of table sugar. Youll find recipes, research, reviews and remedies here to help you figure out how to stay healthy without going crazy! The gum continues to seem a little smoother and bouncier than others over the course of chewing, and its pretty good for bubblesI can blow little ones even when chewing just one piece. What Brands Of Gum Are Made With Xylitol? Xylitol reduces the yeasts ability to stick to surfaces, thereby helping prevent infection (21). All rights reserved. The hypoglycemic dose of xylitol for dogs is considered to be approximately 0.075 - 0.1 grams per kilogram of body weight (about 0.03 - 0.045 gram per pound). If you believe your dog has an intestine blockage you should take them to the vet so they can get an x-ray of the area. A recent animal study concludes that xylitol has strong antioxidant potential, possibly because xylitol stimulates glutathione production. Xylitol amounts in gum vary by brand and can even vary within the same brand based on type of gum and flavor. Xylitol occurs naturally in fruits and vegetables, but it can also be made in a laboratory. It is important to get treatment for your dog as quickly as possible. This ingredient can also appear on the ingredients list as sugar alcohol. To find out how much xylitol is in a particular brand or type of gum, youll need to check the product label. Although sugar alcohols have molecular structures similar to drinking alcohol, sugar alcohols cannot get you drunk. Artificial sweeteners added to chewing gum reduce the benefits of xylitol. This rat study suggests that xylitol may increase collagenin the skin and slow the aging of skin. My friends calmed me down. Xylitol is found in small amounts in many fruits and vegetables and is therefore considered natural. It uses a natural sweetener, xylitol, that supports oral health by fighting cavities and plaque. Again, not a safe choice for people with corn or soy allergies. [6], In April 2019, the company announced the launch of the Bazooka Throwback pack.[7][8]. Regular gum isn't much of a danger for dogs. Its my favorite, however I never really looked at its ingredients very closely. Yes, Extra gum has aspartame and other kinds of artificial sweeteners. As you can see from the breakdown of Extra Gum flavours above, the flavours which do not contain Xylitol, contain artificial sweetener ingredients such as sorbitol, hydronated starch, and glycerol, which are non-toxic to dogs. Glees website gives more details about their natural gum base. With all the health benefits xylitol has to offer, dentists often recommend chewing xylitol gum 20 minutes after meals to promote dental health. Wrap it up well and bury it down deep, so your pup doesn't pluck it off the top. If he ate sugar-free gum, there's a definite cause for concern. (I learned a new word here! The coloring is beta-carotene. Azarpazhooh, A., Lawrence, H. P., & Shah, P. S. (2016). Human studies demonstrate that xylitol either by replacing sugar or adding it into your diet can reduce cavities and tooth decay by 3085% (16, 17, 18). Chewing gums help produce saliva, which is good for your oral health, since dry mouth may increase your risk of tooth decay and infection. Citric acid is made from mold grown on corn. My name is James and I love dogs. Typically, the dose of xylitol needed to cause poisoning is at least0.05 grams per pound of body weight(0.1 grams per kilogram of body weight). A huge portion of your immune system is present in your gut a healthy gut usually signals a healthy immune system. Xylitol gum, in particular, starves the harmful bacteria in your mouth, leading to fewer bacteria and less tooth decay. Youll also need to keep an eye out for any gum your dog might sneak out of purses, from the trashcan, in the car, or off the ground. Learn how your comment data is processed. sugarfreehq.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. I have a question about an ingredient thats in some of these gums: glycerin. There are no obvious animal ingredients. Xylitol has a GI between 7-13 out of 100. B-Freshs website is unclear about the source of xylitol but says none of the ingredients are derived from corn. Id love a more natural option! But I still like to have gum in my purse for quick breath-freshening, moistening an itchy throat, or just something to do during a long wait. How much xylitol is in extra peppermint gum? Although neither of my kids has ever had an ear infection, Lydia attends full-day preschool now and is exposed to lots of germs. Aging is a natural process, but that doesnt mean its a fixed process. Daidzein, found richly in soybeans and other legumes, converts to equol in the gut and is important for preventing bone loss especially for women before and during menopause. This draws the rodent to the trap. Should we just add it to everything in place of sugar? A recent in vitro study shows that xylitol may be an effective treatment for this fungal infection. Chewing gum and breath mints contain 0.22-1.0 gram of xylitol per piece of gum or per mint. In recent years, quite a few companies have created less toxic, biodegradable chewing gum options. Epic and Spry give an initial impression of extreme mint that doesnt seem very sweet, and then as you chew a bit more you get the sweetness. They dont say a word about whats in their gum base. Although there are regulations governing which polymers can be used in chewing gum, some of the food-grade polymers are synthetic, that is, plastic. Spry and XyliChew are similar in texture. UPDATE: A reader pointed out that citric acid is often made from corn, so Glee is not corn-free. The reason, according to Merck, is that ingestion causes a massive insulin release. Do you really want to chew plastic thats currently thought to be safe enough, or to chew something that might or might not be plastic? Though guidelines for effective use of xylitol in the professional dental community in the United States have not been clarified, benefit has been suggested. Symptoms of hypoglycemia or low blood sugar in dogs include: If you suspect that your dog may have consumed sugar-free gum or any other product containing xylitol, immediately call your vet or the Pet Poison Helpline (800-213-6680). Trust your own judgmentWe cant be liable for problems that occur from bad decisions you make based on content found here. For others, xylitol gum may be unnecessary or dangerous to pets in the house. He gave me a pack of sugarless gum and suggested avoiding gum with sugar. Answer a few simple questions and find the right dog for you, Compare up to 5 different breeds side by side, Browse the AKC Marketplace to find the right puppy for you, Browse our extensive library of dog names for inspiration, Find out the best and worst foods for your dog and which to avoid, What to Do If Your Dog Accidentally Eats Gum. The picture below shows the minimum amount of dark chocolate that could cause death in three different weights of dog compared to the minimum number of pieces of xylitol-containing sugar-free gum that could have the same devastating effect. Xylitol tastes sweet but, unlike sugar, it . For example, xylitol can help prevent cavities and gingivitis. Xylitol-gum quantities are calculated based on a concentration of 1 gram of xylitol per piece of gum . PUR Gum Aspartame Free has 1.1 grams of xylitol in each piece along with a few other ingredients to dilute xylitols sweetness and health benefits. Many types of gum have xylitol, including but not limited to Orbit, Trident, Stride, and Nicorette. Another way xylitol may indirectly support healthy bones is the way it influences the way your gut metabolizes a phytoestrogen (plant estrogen) called daidzein. The amount of xylitol in gum can vary by brand and type. Some brands of gum contain low amounts of xylitol, while other brands contain larger amounts. Bazooka Gum. You may also want to purchase a pet-proof trash can for additional safety. A person who wants to chew one piece at a time could just chew more often. Please talk to your health professional (or at least your spouse) before doing anything you might think is questionable. Copyright 2009-2023 Kitchen Stewardship. The bubble gum was packaged in a red, white, and blue color scheme and originally sold for 1 penny. The amount of xylitol in gum can vary by brand and type. Want more health and wellness news, as well as useful everyday tips? (I hadnt yet dug up details on XyliChew and Spry, and as you can see for the other brands, the ingredients of gum base are often not explained.) Xylitol increases the metabolism of daidzein for more equol production. Every member of my family agreed that this gum is deliciousfor about one minute. These bacteria can cause acute otitis media (a common type of middle ear infection). Although some plaque on your teeth is normal, excess plaque encourages your immune system to attack the bacteria in it. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The sweetener also helps manufacturers achieve the soft, flexible texture consumers look for in a piece of gum. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. One of them pointed out that the pink packets her parents had been dumping into their iced tea every day for years were pure saccharin, yet they didnt have cancer, and surely I was getting less saccharin from a few pieces of gum per week. Certain sugar-free candies contain xylitol so they have the sweet flavor consumers are looking for, but for fewer calories. B-Fresh simply doesnt come in peppermint, so we got spearmint. The gum is made in a nut-free, soy-free facility and is kosher. Xylitol is highly toxic to dogs, leading to hypoglycemia and liver failure. There are two main reasons that sugar-free gum in particular can cause stomach pain. It is important to note that xylitol is poisonous to dogs, so be sure to keep gum containing xylitol out of reach of your furry friends! But, if they consume large amount, it can cause some intestinal issues. It is important to note that xylitol is poisonous to dogs, so be sure to check the ingredient label before giving your dog any liquid gabapentin! 13 Simple Ways to Stop Eating Lots of Sugar. They are both less likely to cause cavities than regular sugar. Only 0.1 gram of xylitol per 2.2 pounds of body weight can cause hypoglycemia, while only . You have entered an incorrect email address! Nayak, P. A., Nayak, U. The amount of xylitol in gum can vary by brand and type. While it isnt the cheapest on the market, I like that it was made by a dentist for dental health. All rights reserved. The sweetness is similar to lemonade and has no icky undertones. If you like to blow bubbles, some gums are better for that than others. An animal study concludes that dietary xylitol may lead to increased bone volume and bone mineral content both important for bone health in older individuals. According to the USDA, a two-piece serving of regular Orbit gum provides 5 calories, 2 grams of carbohydrates and 2 grams of sugar alcohols. Sorbital, I believe, is a baby laxative. There are over 1,535 different "Bazooka Joe" comic-strip wrappers to collect. Xylitol vs. Erythritol: Which Is the Healthier Sugar Substitute? It depends on the type of gum your dog ate. Lydia hasnt done much playing with her gum so far, but thats just the kind of thing she might do suddenly when were not looking! Which resonates with my personal experience as a veterinarian. Extra gum may be sugar-free, but it's still plenty sweet. Did you compare the amounts of xylitol in these gums? It depends on your overall diet and how much gum you chew! More info here. Its the wrong kind of sweet, my son said, like a medicine or like its hiding something. I didnt quite agree with that yet couldnt explain why the gum was so unsatisfyingit just didnt taste good either at the first bite or after chewing for a while. This article reviews all you need to. Bubble gum does not cause a problem in most dogs. Some Extra chewing gum flavours use Sorbitol and Glycerol artificial sweeteners which are not toxic to dogs, however, some Extra gum packs do contain xylitol. Thats good news for the environmentif you compost the package so that it actually biodegrades, or recycle it, instead of throwing it in a landfillbut its bad news for your purse or pocket. Signs of a problem would be vomiting, lethargy, lack of appetite and/or abdominal pain. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Packaging can make a lot of trash or just a little. Im finally doing some serious research on xylitol for this article. Overall, it seems relatively safe to consume chewing gum with xylitol or some from toothpaste or mouthwash, but it's probably best to avoid consuming other xylitol products in large amounts. Still, as my family taste-tested 6 different xylitol gums, chewing several times a day and sometimes a few pieces at once to try blowing bubbles, I was on the lookout for side effects! This is the bacteria most responsible for plaque. Yes, we liked Peelu but havent had it recently. What Are Sugar Alcohols, and Are They a Healthy Sugar Swap? Here are some other brands which you need to be careful about leaving around the home if you have dogs: If your dog has eaten any of the above or any other chewing gums, you need to check the ingredients and contact your vet as soon as possible if the gum contains xylitol. It contains no aspartame and is also gluten free. Some gum brands have even started to add an ingredient that claims to harden tooth enamel, adding further protection . Becca and her family live in a wonderfully walkable neighborhood of Pittsburgh, where they strive for minimal environmental impact and maximal enjoyment of lifes abundance. The goal is to prevent the other, more drastic symptoms from occurring due to hypoglycemia. The more important reasons I avoid buying imported goodsespecially from the opposite side of the worldare the environmental impact of shipping things a longer distance and the economic impact of paying people in another country instead of keeping our money here. Other ingredients are natural flavorings, glycerol, carnauba wax, and tocopherols. I bought a smaller amount to get the kind of package I wanted: a sturdy, resealable container small enough to carry in my purse! What makes it different from the others is that it contains fiber from the peelu tree, whose twigs have been chewed into natural toothbrushes for millennia. You may be hungry all the time for several reasons, including diet, stress, or medical conditions. But, the sugars used in traditional gum aren't considered toxic to dogs. Peelu (August 16, 2016) Cinnamon Sass Chewing Gum with Xylitol Citrus Breeze Chewing Gum with Xylitol Peppermint Blast Chewing Gum with Xylitol Spearmint Chewing Gum with Xylitol. Theyve found it in their Christmas stockings and Easter baskets. Copyright 2023 Clean Plates Omnimedia, Inc. All Rights Reserved, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5320817/, https://www.spiffies.com/v/PDF/xylitol_abstracts.pdf, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4232036/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC90255/, https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007095.pub3/abstract, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29422459/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4681845/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537870/, https://ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2017/3/817.pdf, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684116/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11721142/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24336061/, http://www.onespiritmedicine.com/wp-content/uploads/documents/studies/gut_microbial_adaptation_to_dietary_consumption_of.pdf, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5093271/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30064708/. I recall that some of the studies said participants chewed for a specific amount of time, and that it was more like 10-30 minutesbut that still doesnt tell us whether it takes that long to extract all the xylitol from the gum or they wanted people to do that much chewing. In one study, people consumed an average of 3.3 pounds (1.5 kg) of xylitol per month with a maximum daily intake of over 30 tablespoons (400 grams) without any negative effects (29). Xylichew. If you purchase a product through this article, we may receive a portion of the sale. It doesnt say it is soy-free, but it contains sunflower lecithin rather than soy lecithin. People also use xylitol as a table-top sweetener and in baking. Thanks for reading! Children whose mothers chew xylitol gum regularly have 70% fewer cavities by age 5 than children whose mothers have dental fluoride or chlorhexidine treatments. I have to say the bubblegum flavor of glee is pretty good. Its non-GMO, its from Europe, and thats all theyre telling you. Becca is constantly adding chapters to The Earthlings Handbook, an all-purpose guide to life on this planet for natives and visitors. However, if your dog has eaten chewing gum, it may begin to show the following symptoms. Studies have determined that xylitol boosts dental health and helps prevent tooth decay (10). China does have safety standards similar to the US, and manufacturers there are motivated to make good quality products to maintain their reputations. In general, sugarless gum that contains xylitol as the main sweetener will have more xylitol than gum that contains xylitol as only part of the sweeteners used. We arent diabetic or obese, so I think its best to stick with real sugar (or sorghum syrup, honey, or maple syrup) and not too much of it! Humans even produce small quantities of it via normal metabolism. The effects of xylitol poisoning can begin to show in as little as ten minutes after ingestion. For example, sugar-free hard candies, mints and gumdrops can contain xylitol. To ingest a toxic amount of the ingredient, a dog weighing 20 pounds would only need to ingest two pieces of gum to have consumed a dangerous level. As you can see, 5 Gum contains no xylitol. Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that adds texture and bulk to certain types of foods, according to the Colorado State University Extension. First there is xylitol, sorbitol, aspartame, mannitol and acesulfame K, which are all sweeteners. Nutrition Facts. It is xylitol-sweetened. Data from recent studies indicate that xylitol can reduce the occurrence of dental caries in young children, schoolchildren . I dont know for sure. My children have been delighted to enjoy Pur gum this year. I bought 295 pieces of gum for this project, so we are stocked up for quite a while. Sugar alcohols are associated with gastrointestinal distress, especially diarrhea and gas, but xylitol is better tolerated than the other sugar alcohols. (. How does xylitol work? And the most terrifying part, from my veterinarian's POV, is this telling line: "Every friend I know who owns a dog was unaware of xylitol and its toxicity to dogs.". Thus, to achieve a potentially toxic dose, a 10-pound dog would only have to eat one piece of gum. Xylitol, a sugar alcohol, looks and tastes like sugar but has fewer calories and doesnt raise blood sugar levels. It is important to note that xylitol is poisonous to dogs, so be sure to check the ingredient label before giving your dog any gum! Contains artificial flavors. So, a pack of 10 pieces of gum could potentially contain between 2.2 to 10 grams of the substance. Healthy adults got diarrhea when they drank more than 20 grams of xylitol per daya piece of chewing gum has about 1 gram of xylitol. The gum was probably named after the rocket-propelled weapon developed by the U.S. army during the war, which itself was named after a musical instrument. Required fields are marked *. I really want to give it to my children. Xylitol also fights the yeast Candida albicans, which can lead to candida infections. In addition to "Original", Topps eventually included the flavors "Strawberry Shake," "Cherry Berry," "Watermelon Whirl," and "Grape Rage." KS also accepts private sponsorships and we are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program. Xylitol might actually prevent tooth decay. However, there may be certain flavours within a brand which do not contain this ingredient. Nobody in my family experienced gastrointestinal distress from chewing xylitol gum. It would be difficult for a child to chew enough gum to ingest a dangerous amount of xylitol. Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is naturally found in plants such as vegetables and fruits and is often used as a substitute for sugar in sugar-free products such as mints and chewing gum. No worries, right? I entered data on the bacteria found in these kids when they were sick, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (killed by xylitol) is one of the 3 most common. Thank you very much! Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is often used as a sweetener in gum because it is less likely to cause cavities than regular sugar. Then the dogs cells start absorbing glucose from the bloodstream, which can lead to hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, and even death (26). Epic gum is made in China. 100% xylitol sweetened, but contains citric acid, which is counterproductive to the goal of xylitol which is to raise and neutralize pH levels. It is important to note that xylitol is poisonous to dogs, so be sure to keep gum containing xylitol out of reach of your furry friends! Contact details | Email: james@qualitydogresources.com | Phone: (44) 7919 184 562 | Address: 18 Orchard Hill, Exeter, EX2 9NH. Some people prefer gum that contains xylitol because its a healthy alternative to sugar and doesnt cause tooth decay. Trident was introduced in 1964 as the one of the first patented sugarless gum, and has even flown on every Space Shuttle mission since 1981. The website also mentions gum arabic and carnauba wax, not listed on the bottle I have. Katies got a quick tip for us on another gum with natural gum base that her family tried: Yikes! Mentos Sugar-Free Chewing Gum with Xylitol, Bubble Fresh Cotton Candy, 45 Piece Bottle, 50 Count, Pack of 6 . As such, replacing sugar with xylitol reduces the available fuel for the harmful bacteria (11). Xylitol and dental caries: an overview for clinicians. Collagen is the most abundant protein in your body, found in large amounts in skin and connective tissues. There are many reasons why you may want to chew on some sugar-free gum. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. I have found its texture and flavor superior to the other natural guns I have tried, though the Pur chocolate mint was pretty good! You can expect this treatment to be fast and aggressive. And even when your dog is staring at you imploringly with those big brown eyes, dont share your food if theres a chance it may contain xylitol. Thanks for this article, I will definitely have to try some of these brands. Carnauba wax and/or calcium carbonate is used for the outer glaze; Glee also lists resinous glaze., BHT and BHA are preservatives.
Nail Salon Ventilation Requirements Texas,
How To Get Drinkable Water On An Island,
Articles D