Economic Espionage and Cybersecurity Espionage comes in different forms. China's espionage operations on the United States have been growing stronger for years. The views in this article are the authors own and do not reflect the views of the U.S. government. The PJCIS noted 'ambiguity' in relation to this term and recommended the . In addition, the same erratic performance by recruited agents illustrates nonstandardized agent training, protocols, and practices. Through the Internet, terrorists anywhere overseas now have direct access to our local communities to target and recruit our citizens and spread their message faster than was imagined just a few years ago. Chinese economic espionage, on the other hand, is an unconventional threat and requires an unconventional response. Those include going after terrorists and spies, including in cyberspace, countering foreign malign influence, enforcing our export controls and sanctions laws, and reviewing foreign investments in U.S. companies. Foreign travel of short duration Foreign Intelligence Threats Traditional FIE Activity includes: Foreign Intelligence Entities operating Many of the government mobile espionage efforts examined had roots in campaigns designed to spy on targets of interest of some of the nations covered in this report for political purposes. The objective of this espionage was to steal intellectual data and confidential business information about the engine. Espionage and foreign interference pose a significant threat to our economic prosperity and national interests. Such tactics make coordination with all of our partners, including international law enforcement partners, essential. As a result, the FBI must remain vigilant. As a country we should work to capture that talent here and make sure that it stays in the U.S. Much research and development also works more effectively when scientists and engineers are able to collaborate across borders. Aimed at bolstering the government's arguments, the memo highlights in detail how the FBI identifies the activities of foreigners that would potentially be considered espionage. The second type of Chinese espionage targeting U.S. colleges and universities has been espionage aimed at intimidating Chinese students and professors critical of Chinese policies, and to a lesser extent American students and academics. Additionally, the DSN shall instruct NOAA staff and employees to report suspicious activities involving the foreign national to the DSN who, in turn, shall report them to the servicing security office immediately. The central government directly manages 102 of these firms considered critical to national and economic security. With the broad distribution of social media, terrorists can spot, assess, recruit, and radicalize vulnerable persons of all ages in the U.S. either to travel to foreign lands or to conduct an attack on the homeland. In approximately 60 cases I reviewed, Chinese companies or individuals were acting unilaterally for commercial benefit only. Nearly half of Chinas espionage efforts target U.S. military and space technologies. As former Cisco CEO John Chambers once said, There are two types of companies: those who have been hacked, and those who don't yet know they have been hacked.. China is unlikely to significantly curb its espionage efforts, as they provide a cost-efficient means to expand the economy, advance research and development, project military power, and meet Chinas stated goal to become a world power. For guidance on "suspicious activities," refer to the Espionage Indicators Guide (see Appendix A to this Order). Be observant - note as much as possible and the person asking questions Nations have been spying on the United States (and us on them) since the American Revolution. Asia, Pacific 951 to pursue conduct outside the context of traditional espionage. I left the Members with what I thought was an ominous warning: Do something about this now or youll be calling me back in 20 years screaming: My God, how did this happen? Well, they never called me back, but if recent FBI arrests are any indication, the problem has gotten worse a lot worse. Recent prosecutions, however, have relied on 951. Change the conversation Sometimes pressure is even applied by Chinas security services on the family members of those students it finds speaking out in unacceptable ways back in China.. But government tools must also be an important part of the U.S. government response. The Company Man: Protecting Americas Secrets, Economic Espionage: Protecting America's Trade Secrets, The Insider Threat: An Introduction to Detecting and Deterring and Insider Spy, Intellectual Property Protection: Safeguard Your Company's Trade Secrets, Proprietary Information, and Research, Safety and Security for the Business Professional Traveling Abroad, Safety and Security for U.S. Students Traveling Abroad, Higher Education and National Security: The Targeting of Sensitive, Proprietary, and Classified Information on Campuses of Higher Education, Best Practices in Supply Chain Risk Management for the U.S. Government, Two U.S. Citizens Arrested for Illegally Exporting Technology to Russia, Civil Forfeiture Complaint Filed Against Six Luxury Real Estate Properties Involved in Sanctions Evasion and Money Laundering, Russian National Charged with Supplying U.S. Technology to the Russian and North Korean Governments, Corrected: Four Florida Men Arrested in Plot to Kill Haitian President, Grand Jury Returns Indictment Against 11, U.S. Citizen Sentenced to 30 Months in Prison for Conspiring to Provide Electronic Equipment and Technology to the Government of Iran, Associate of Sanctioned Oligarch Indicted for Sanctions Evasion and Money Laundering, Chinese National Sentenced to Eight Years in Prison for Acting Within the U.S. as an Unregistered Agent of the Peoples Republic of China, Former Special Agent in Charge of the FBI New York Counterintelligence Division Charged with Violating U.S. Sanctions on Russia, FBI.gov is an official site of the U.S. Department of Justice, Protect the secrets of the U.S. Intelligence Community, Protect the nations critical assets, like our advanced technologies and sensitive information in the defense, intelligence, economic, financial, public health, and science and technology sectors, Keep weapons of mass destruction from falling into the wrong hands. Foreign Intelligence Threats - Traditional Activity Traditional activity Forgoing intelligence entities operating out of: Embassies Consulates Universities Trade missions Insider Spies (Insider Threat) Foreign Intelligence Threats Non-Traditional Activity Foreign government-sponsored commercial enterprises International trafficking organizations Last month, under former Attorney General Jeff Sessions, the Department of Justice expanded on several years of increasing prosecutorial efforts by launching an important new initiative to combat Chinese economic espionage, which Assistant Attorney General Demers is leading. The Committee looks . I'd the target takes the bait, the foreign intelligence officer recruits the target to move into a more clandestine relationship. On October 30, 2018 the U.S. Department of Justice announced the indictment of 10 Chinese intelligence officers and cyber hackers from the Ministry of State Security (MSS), Chinas main civilian espionage organization. The widespread availability of malicious software (malware) that can create botnets allows individuals to leverage the combined bandwidth of thousands, if not millions, of compromised computers, servers, or network-ready devices to disrupt the day-to-day activities of governments, businesses, and individual Americans. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The PLA was involved in 61 such cases. Other Chinese government elements that collect intelligence (information) include the PLA Political Department Liaison Office (targeted against Taiwan), United Front Work Department, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Similarly, much of the responsibility for responding to Chinese efforts to infiltrate U.S. academic institutions will fall on those institutions themselves. They seek to hold our critical infrastructure at risk, to harm our economy and to constrain our free speech. And third, I will offer some recommendations on additional policy responses that the United States should consider going forward. 3488, enacted October 11, 1996 deals with industrial espionage (e.g., the theft or misappropriation of a trade secret and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act) and four other areas of action that Congress deemed appropriate and the United States Sentencing Commission reports regarding encryption or . Chinas preeminent civilian intelligence agency is the Guojia Anquan Bu, or Ministry of State Security (MSS). DoD personnel who suspect a coworker of possible espionage should, Report directly to your CI or Security Office, Cyber vulnerabilities to DoD Systems may include, Disgruntled or Co-opted employee Women, Influence & Power in Law UK Awards honors women lawyers who have made a remarkable difference in the legal profession. Espionage makes it a crime to deal with information on behalf of, or to communicate to, a foreign principal (such as a foreign government or a person acting on their behalf). Chairman Thompson, Ranking Member Rogers, and members of the committee, thank you again for this opportunity to discuss the FBIs efforts to combat the myriad of threats it faces. WASHINGTON - Russian government hackers breached the Treasury and Commerce departments, along with other U.S. government agencies, as part of a global espionage campaign that stretches back months . I was glad to see President Trump and Chinese President Xi agree to 90 days of trade talks when they met two weeks ago at the G20 summit. Foreign Intelligence Agency-What do they want? In 2017 and 2018, suspected China-linked hackers have targeted U.S. firms operating in sectors including cloud computing, artificial intelligence, internet connected devices, biotechnology, energy, robotics, transportation, agricultural machinery and other agricultural technology, and high-end medical devices. These criminals have also increased the sophistication of their schemes, which are more difficult to detect and more resilient to disruption than ever. Terms of Service. Failure to report may result in Judicial and/or Administrative Action This button displays the currently selected search type. An unprecedented, sustained, and multi-pronged campaign of activity that does not constitute traditional military force or espionage threatens to exert a stealthy and non-attributable influence upon American attitudes toward international affairs at a moment of global crisis. The FBI is most concerned about lone offender attacks, primarily shootings, as they have served as the dominant lethal mode for domestic violent extremist attacks. Asia, Asia The United States has progressively expanded the scope of sanctions and entity-based export controls on Chinese persons (i.e., individuals and entities), primaril By Former National Security Agency Director Keith Alexander has called Chinas IP theft greatest transfer of wealth in history. And as the 2018 NCSC report noted, the threat is growing due to expanded cloud-based computer networks and the internet of things (the home appliances, cars, and other things that will be connected to the internet)--which, according to the NCSC will create an incalculably larger exploitation space for cyber threat actors., Casual discussions of Chinese economic espionage often focus on high-end cyber intrusions into U.S. corporate networks. Detailed analysis of these cases provides ample evidence that China is conducting espionage, as well who is responsible, their information objectives, gaps in their knowledge, and operational tradecraft techniques. : the practice of spying or using spies to obtain information about the plans and activities especially of a foreign government or a competing company industrial espionage Synonyms spying See all Synonyms & Antonyms in Thesaurus Example Sentences Spies might seem like a throwback to earlier days of world wars and cold wars, but they are more common than everand they are targeting our nations most valuable secrets. Terminating employment Testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee, By Keeping pace with these threats is a significant challenge for the FBI. It is absolutely essential to stop Chinese unconventional espionage. We continue to actively coordinate with our private and public partners to pierce the veil of anonymity surrounding cyber based crimes. The FBI is engaged in a myriad of efforts to combat cyber threats, from improving threat identification and information sharing inside and outside of the government to developing and retaining new talent, to examining the way we operate to disrupt and defeat these threats. Spies from 20 foreign intelligence agencies, including Nato allies such as France and Germany, are attempting to steal Britain's most sensitive secrets. This has taken several forms. The first of these is espionage targeting cutting edge research and technologies being developed by U.S. universities, including technology that has U.S. military applications. Now, more than eight years since the climax of the Cold War, the threat of industrial and economic espionage has percolated once again to the forefront, and the tools of the intelligence collector . While continued counterterrorism pressure has degraded the groups Afghanistan-Pakistan senior leadership, in the near term, al Qaeda is more likely to focus on building its international affiliates and supporting small-scale, readily achievable attacks in key regions such as east and west Africa. Non-DoD civilians may face sanctions. Do not leave equipment unattended, in hotel safes or left in vehicles. The division has a wide range of responsibilities. Failure to report may result in disciplinary action. For physical searches, the government must show that the place to be searched contains "foreign intelligence information" and that it is used, owned, or possessed by an agent of a foreign power or a foreign power. There is a near equal distribution of espionage activities between the four major organizational clusters. Technology companies have a front-line responsibility to secure their own networks, products, and platforms. In the Assessing phase the foreign intelligence officer will look for exploitable weaknesses such as: alcohol abuse, drug use, extramarital affairs, gambling or other financial problems. Take time to use secure communications equipment Revelations of broad-ranging Russian efforts to influence the 2016 presidential election, which resulted in criminal charges against multiple Russian intelligence officers brought by special counsel Robert Mueller, focused attention on criminal laws designed to prohibit the activities of foreign agents in the United States. Unauthorized access to information systems. Intelligence & Espionage. Almost two years ago, I established the Foreign Influence Task Force (FITF) to identify and counteract malign foreign influence operations targeting the United States. The third pillar of our approach is based on strong relationships with the private sector. High-level findings are as follows: One cannot simply look at a single or even several espionage cases and hope to understand if, and how, a nation state is conducting espionage. Enjoying this article? As members of the Senate know, over the summer, Congress enacted the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act (FIRRMA), which overhauled the CFIUS review process for foreign investments in the United States. CCP embedded committees manage all actions within directly managed SOEs. An official website of the United States government. This was a narrow agreement in that it did not preclude the theft of intellectual property for other purposes, such as for improving defense capabilities, or the theft of U.S. government information, but it did at least temporarily represent a step by China toward reducing its espionage against U.S. commercial targets. A recent Hoover Institution-Asia Society report offered a number of recommendations with respect to these operations that I endorse, such as promoting transparency and disclosure around Confucius Institutes and increasing the due diligence universities apply to grants and gifts from Chinese sources. These information objectives include systems, designs, components, radiation hardened chips, integrated circuits, software, manuals, precision optics, thermal imaging systems, production techniques, etc. Espionage activities involving the Peoples Liberation Army reflect primarily illegal arms or military technology transfers where the PLA was known, or believed to be the end user for example, the PLA was assumed the ultimate end user or customer if a TOW anti-tank system (tube-launched, optically tracked, wireless-guided weapon system) was being illegally shipped to China. In this Nov. 9, 2017, file photo, an American flag is flown next to the Chinese national emblem during a welcome ceremony for visiting U.S. President Donald Trump. Customer Service| Weak passwords A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The Trump administration has also begun to deploy targeted trade measures against Chinese beneficiaries of IP theft. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Prepare in advance In some of those cases (perhaps 20 percent), there was a clearly identifiable Chinese government or SOE as the ultimatecustomer for illegal exports or trade secrets. Anything that doesn't fit the pattern could be an indicator of espionage While the U.S. government must continue hardening its defenses against all espionage, Chinas spying on the U.S. government fits within a long practice of government spycraft and should be addressed with traditional types of tools.
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