british army of the rhine bases

Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after the First World War, and the other after the Second World War. They were respectively augmented by 1,891 and 1,446 anti-aircraft guns and anti-tank guns. The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. [78] The 21st Army Group headquarters also allocated three additional general transport companies to the British Second Army. This involved prodigious use of ammunition, fuel and equipment, which in turn demanded a first-class military logistics system. The XXX Corps Troops Engineers commenced work on the "Lambeth" class 15 Bailey pontoon bridge at 15:00 on 24 March, but work was frequently interrupted by German fire, and the bridge was not opened until 08:30 on 26 March. [25] This was codenamed Operation Goldflake, and it involved the redeployment of the I Canadian Corps and British 5th Division from Italy to North West Europe. [39][40], The artillery fire plan for Operation Veritable called for the widespread use of "pepperpot tactics". Expands. It was therefore decided that the floating bridges should be replaced by semi-permanent ones as soon as operational circumstances permitted. Red Sash Wargames Army of the Rhine - Ombre de Turenne SW | Toys & Hobbies, Games, Board & Traditional Games | eBay! [85], During the first three weeks of April 1945, the Second Army advanced about 320 kilometres (200mi) across northern Germany to reach the Elbe on 19 April. [95][92] To take pressure off the roads, the 21st Army Group placed an air composite platoon capable of receiving and handling up to 510 tonnes (500 long tons) per day under the Second Army's control. [63] Their initial drop of the 6th Airborne Division was conducted by 683 aircraft and 444 General Aircraft Hamilcar and Airspeed Horsa gliders, while that of the US 17th Airborne Division used 913 aircraft and 906 Hadrian gliders. [51] Rations were moved forward however, and 2,318,222 rations were stockpiled for Operation Veritable. Over 2.5 million rounds of 25-pounder ammunition were made available. [28][29], At the start of January 1945, British bulk storage facilities were more than sufficient to hold the thirty days' reserve of petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) that Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) stipulated should be held, but the American position was not so good. SGT Served from 1967 - 1985 Served in British Army of the Rhine. This took another five days. [41] Some 600 field and 300 medium guns would support the operation. While it was under construction, the engineers came under attack by the Luftwaffe, and 8 men were killed and 22 wounded. The remaining RAF forces in Germany ceased to be a separate command, and instead became No 2 Group RAF, part of RAF Strike Command. This included 15,000,000 rations, which were gradually eaten by the troops in the RMA. By mid-May the 21st Army Group's reserves had been reduced by a quarter. There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine ( BAOR ). Ted's Bio; Fact Sheet; Hoja Informativa Del Ted Fund; Ted Fund Board 2021-22; 2021 Ted Fund Donors; Ted Fund Donors Over the Years. Please continue & follow him.pic.twitter.com/TU3GKnZFPU", "British Orders of Battle & TO&Es 1980-1989", "From occupiers and protectors to guests", "Osnabrck picks up the pieces after British withdrawal", "All British army bases in Germany to close by 2019 with 20,000 troops returning to UK", "Farewell to the 1st Westfalen Garrison Commander", "A Queen's birthday reception was held in Germany", "British army hands back last headquarters in Germany", "Defence review ends Iraq-sized ventures", In West Germany: Military Networks Spreading Pop, Secret squad sent in to track down IRA killers, BBC News: Army to scale down Germany troops, BBC News: From occupiers and protectors to guests, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Forces_Germany&oldid=1126727293, This page was last edited on 10 December 2022, at 22:46. Oxford Bibliographies Online is available by subscription and perpetual access to institutions. Include Description. By this time the system consisted of 1,811 kilometres (1,125mi) of pipelines and storage tanks with a capacity of 104,770 tonnes (103,120 long tons). Chandler, David, and Ian Beckett, eds. [18], Eisenhower ordered Montgomery to resume his preparations for Operation Veritable, the objective of which was to defeat the German forces west of the Rhine. [78] These bridges carried maintenance traffic by day and operational traffic by night. Branch British Army. Look through examples of British Army of the Rhine translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. The purpose of this site is to give people, still serving or not, the opportunity to look back at the places in Germany where they may have served over the years and also a view of the regiments and units which shaped them. Adjutant Generals Base AGDU Army Guard Dog Unit AGR Army General Reserve A.G.R.A. VIII Corps also used its own transport to haul ammunition for the crossing of the Elbe on 28 April. [16] The US XVIII Airborne Corps was assigned to the 21st Army Group for the crossing of the Rhine,[17] and again on 25 April for operations between the Elbe and the Baltic Sea. [32][34], To free up administrative units to support the advance into Germany, it was decided to shorten the line of communications by closing down the RMA in Normandy, where some 300,000 long tons (300,000t) of supplies were still held. Please appreciate that the site as a whole is, and probably always will be, subject to "Work In Progress", "Page Under Construction", "Page Under Revision", etc. [38] Operation Blackcock, a preliminary operation to clear German forces from the Roer Triangle, was carried out by the XII Corps in January 1945. Captured German dumps held sufficient quantities of food for them, but they were not always easily accessible or distributable, so some had to be fed from 21st Army Group stocks, on a temporary ration scale of 1,100 calories (4,600J) per man per day. IF YOU WOULD PREFER TO STAY ANONYMOUS OR KEEP ALL CONTENTS PRIVATE PLEASE STATE THIS CLEARLY ON SUBMISSION: All rights reserved. Railway units were moved forward, and only one railway group headquarters and two railway operating companies were left in France, Belgium and the Netherlands south of the Waal. The armoured divisions also carried a day's worth of AFV ration packs. The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), which was responsible for the northern portions of the central front in West Germany, had been judged to be capable of holding out for as little as two days. Petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) was brought by ships and the Operation Pluto pipeline from the UK at a rate of 15,000 tonnes (15,000 long tons) per day, of which 3,000 tonnes (3,000 long tons) was over the pipelines, and delivered by barge and pipeline to the army roadheads. Almost all BLA units were assigned to the 21st Army Group, which also included forces from other countries. Its primary combat formation was British I Corps. The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. After the successful Normandy landings, the units of 21st Army Group crossed the river Rhine near the Germany city of Wesel on 23 March 1945. Although our understanding of the service has been considerably deepened by subsequent scholarship, the book provides the broader context for thinking about the army after 1945. It closed in March 1994. The affectionate story of British servicemen and their families who had to make Germany a home from home in the decades after the Second World War. [87][88] A 300-metre (980ft) Class 9 FBE bridge was built over the Elbe at Lauenburg by the VIII Corps engineers on 29 April. 206 FMC. [81] The XII Corps plan called for the construction of a class 9 Folding Boat Equipment (FBE) bridge, a class 12 Bailey pontoon bridge and two class 40 Bailey pontoon bridges. For more information or to contact an Oxford Sales Representative click here. Mallinson, Allan. Since prompt clearance of the trains was essential to allow turnaround of the locomotives and rolling stock, vehicles had to be used to clear less urgently required supplies such as POL, coal and engineer stores. 166 FMC. During the two-hour rail halt, the troops were served a hot meal and provided with sandwiches for the next one. After some debate, the Combined Chiefs of Staff endorsed his strategy at the Malta Conference in January and February 1945. It was originally composed of five corps, composed of two divisions each, plus a cavalry division:[1], IV Corps: Commanded by Sir Alexander Godley, VI Corps: Commanded by Sir Aylmer Haldane, IX Corps: Commanded by Sir Walter Braithwaite and later by Ivor Maxse, Cavalry Division (formed from 1st Cavalry Division). Foster. 10 Army Roadhead, while the attached II Canadian Corps continued to draw its from the First Canadian Army's No. [86] At Rees steel-piled class 40 and class 70 jetty bridges 490 metres (1,600ft) long and known as "Tyne" and "Tees" were built by the 50th GHQ Troops Engineers, and were opened on 23 May. Instead, 18th GHQ Troops Engineers erected it the following day at a downstream site near the town of Honnopel. Its original function was to control the corps districts which were running the military government of the British zone of Allied-occupied Germany.After the assumption of government by civilians, it became the command formation for the troops in Germany only, rather than being responsible for . [53], Once the battle commenced on 8 February, the main administrative task was replenishing the stocks of ammunition. What military bases are left in Germany? . Depots and stocks remaining in the RMA were transferred to the control of the War Office. Blaxland 1971 and Mallinson 2009, for example, have produced histories of the army which are not entirely dominated by narratives of counterinsurgency campaigns. . [43] Over 2.5 million rounds of 25-pounder ammunition was made available for Operation Veritable. Demands for smoke generators exhausted the available stocks and generators were taken from the anti-aircraft gun positions around Antwerp. 168 FMC near Goch. British Armed Forces Special Vouchers B.A.O.R. Large numbers of displaced persons were also encountered, and they were accommodated in special camps. Additional supplies of fuel were loaded on DUKWs, which ferried fuel across the river until bridges were opened. british army of the rhine bases. London: Penguin, 1970. A German V-2 rocket scored a direct hit on the British POL installation at Antwerp on 19 January. British and Commonwealth PWX were flown directly to the UK, while American PWX were flown to collecting camps around Le Havre. In addition to the road transport, the 21st Army Group also had barges capable of carrying 10,000 tonnes (10,000 long tons) of bulk POL. Army Bases This gave them sufficient petrol to advance for 200 and 180 miles (320 and 290km) respectively, although no such rapid advance was contemplated, the supplies being to sustain the divisions in operations when the road network became congested with operational traffic. Dorsten Ammunition Depot munitions storage facility. [7] The British Second Army liberated Brussels on 3 September, and Antwerp was captured virtually intact on 4 September,[8] but it could not be used as a port until the Germans were cleared from the Scheldt approaches, through which ships had to pass to reach the port. Both formations had areas of responsibility located around the German section of the River Rhine. [30] All movements were completed by the second week of April. Many had seen hard use in the Ardennes, where they had demonstrated their utility, and large numbers were in the REME workshops. As the Soviet threat increased, so BAOR became less of an occupational army and assumed the role of defender of Western Europe, and as a major contributor to NATO after . GYM. TR. Catalogue description British Army of the Rhine [BAOR] Ordering and viewing options This record has not been digitised and cannot be downloaded. CENTAG consisted, from north to south, of III GE Corps, V US Corps, VII US Corps, and II (GE) Corps in the extreme . It is a history of British European security commitments, of NATO military strategy, and of the changing character of land warfare after 1945. The Regiments Depart: A History of the British Army, 19451970. [102] Lend Lease aid from the United States and a high degree of industrial mobilisation provided the equipment and materiel. Due to the proximity of Rees, the VIII Corps Troops Engineers could not work on the "London" class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge until the afternoon of 25 March, and it was opened at 23:00 on 26 March. Commanders in Chief. A traffic jam broke the bridge during the night, but it was reopened thirteen hours later. British Land Forces in Germany came under the command of the British Army of the Rhine. [72][97], As the German forces crumbled before the Allied onslaught, the numbers of German prisoners of war grew to the point where orders were issued on 1 May that no more prisoners should be sent west of the Rhine. There were doubts as to whether this need could be met, but the situation was eased by the fortuitous arrival of 4,700 tonnes (4,600 long tons) of ammunition that had been pre-loaded on some of the transport that had been allocated by the 21st Army Group. Sirs, Ladies and Gentlemen,Welcome to the website dedicated to the British Army of the Rhine, its locations, and those areas whilst not strictly within BAOR, thatwere vital to the operation of the theatre. Each man crossing the Rhine was issued with a 24-hour ration, an emergency ration, a tin of preserved meat, a tin of self-heating soup or cocoa, a packet of biscuits and a tommy cooker with six hexamine tablets. Operational research had shown that the number of guns saturating an area was more important than the actual weight of shells fired. A large force of engineer units was assembled for the operation: 37,000 British and Canadian engineers and pioneers, and 22,000 American engineers. The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. The tracks of Sherman tanks were equipped with "duck bill" connectors to facilitate advancing across snow and soft ground. [36] Operation Veritable would be spearheaded by the five British divisions of Lieutenant General Sir Brian Horrocks's XXX Corps, and would form part of a giant pincer movement with Operation Grenade, which would be conducted by Lieutenant General William H. Simpson's US Ninth Army. It was estimated that six one-way class 40 and two one-way class 70 pile bridges would be needed. If you can't find it - tell us, if you know something - tell us. [11] To get the railway system in operation again required the reconstruction of bridges and the importation of additional locomotives. Menu Search. Following the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, the permanent deployment in Germany ended in 2020. Bulk demands for artillery equipment, clothing and general stores were sent periodically by the formation's R.C.O.C. The other units could not be found, and the 21st Army Group was informed that it would have to make do without them. It was arranged that 40 tanks, 650 wheeled vehicles, 50 Bren gun carriers, and 3,700 personnel would disembark each day in Marseilles, where accommodation was provided for 10,000 troops in tents and 200 vehicles. This involved a large expenditure of ammunition, including some that was in short supply like ML 4.2-inch mortar rounds and the Mark VIIIz ammunition used by the Vickers machine gun. The corps sometimes had to send their transport back to the army roadheads to assist when major operations were required. By 1945 the British Army was highly experienced, professional and proficient. This was never satisfactorily implemented, and confusion and duplication was created by the same requests for additional ammunition being made through multiple channels. B.A.R. Free shipping for many products! The BAOR Locationsteam-5 October 2009. The 21st Army Group allocated additional road transport capacity to the armies by shifting vehicles from the rear areas and immobilising units that were not immediately needed. 29th Division Entering Cologne 13 December 1918 Q 7220.jpg 641 800; 48 KB. Emmerich was taken on 1 April after a three-day battle to provide an additional bridgehead. 168 FMC area at Goch. This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 08:31. Chieftain provides a complete array of British equipment and maneuver units, from Chieftain and Challenger tanks through MCV-80 and Saxon APCs. Use the search function to locate the Order of battle by title or file name. The following day a German swimmer was seen affixing a suspicious cylindrical object to the bridge. As a result, vehicles owned by personnel ceased to have distinct registration plates, which had made them easily identifiable. Check 'British Army of the Rhine' translations into Italian. Another petrol depot arrived from Italy in April. The British Liberation Army (BLA) was the official name given to the British Army forces which fought on the Western Front of World War II between the Invasion of Normandy and the end of the war. The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) began life in 1945 as a postwar administrative headquarters deployed in support of the civilian authority of the British zone of occupation, northern Germany. The history of BAOR, then, is not simply a history of an army formation. The 690-metre (2,250ft) class 40 and 70 steel-piled jetty bridges were built at Arnhem by the First Canadian Army engineers, and opened on 31 May, and the 440-metre (1,450ft) class 40 and class 70 timber pile bridges at Zutphen were completed on 26 May. During this advance it suffered 7,665 casualties and captured 78,108 prisoners. [73] XII and XXX Corps each formed a bank control group along the lines of the beach groups that had supported the Normandy landings in 1944, but with the logistical elements restricted to the medical, provost and REME components. The British 6th Airborne Division was withdrawn to the UK and re-equipped there, but its seaborne tail had to be re-equipped by the 21st Army Group. The great majority of Canadian requirements, including ordnance stores, ammunition, petroleum products, most engineer, medical and dental stores, rations, office machinery and other supplies, were provided through British channels. [16] However, some training will still be undertaken in Germany with regard to NATO capability. In turn this demanded a high degree of organisation and professionalism required to utilise the available machines and firepower to best effect. 19191929. The Meuse-Escaut Canal was also opened that month, and by the end of March the Zuid-Willemsvaart and the MaasWaal Canal were also open, allowing barge traffic from Antwerp to reach the Waal. Barnett, Correlli. The British Army, Manpower, and Society into the Twenty-First Century. [89][90], Despite this, stocks at the Nos. The object sank after being cut loose during an attempt to recover it, and the swimmer was captured. Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after the First World War, and the other after the Second World War. Between 1945 and 1957, West Germany made a dizzying pivot from Nazi bastion to Britain's Cold War ally against the Soviet Union. Two pipelines were laid across the Rhine at Emmerich and were in operation by the end of April. 16 Army Roadhead from railtails around Bocholt using captured rolling stock and locomotives. The 11th Line of Communications Area took over the administration of the ports and the entire advanced base area, freeing the 12th Line of Communications Area headquarters to move forward. A train caught alight, and the fire spread to three nearby storage tanks.

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