bash backspace not working

I get space when i hit backspace on both minty terminal as well as cygwin terminal, @Rachel Did you ever resolve this? This will add it to the .bashrc and everything may work nicely! to my .bashrc but this only fixed the issue 80% of the time. Mutually exclusive execution using std::atomic? This is how to fix backspace not working in Word: There are no settings in Excel that would block the backspace key so if you have tried all the 8 fixes mentioned above chances are that its just a software issue. Here's how you can easily remediate this issue. Deleting ~/.minttyrc helped here (or I was just lucky and that was unrelated..). I found this one that worked for me. David is a freelance writer based in the Pacific Northwest, but originally hailing from the Bay Area. Now that you've sorted out the Backspace key issue in the Linux terminal, you can really get to work. Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. If it was never working then try what tylerl suggested. My backspace did nothing, when it should have sent a destructive delete. Simply, plug in another functional keyboard to your existing laptop or PC and see whether its Backspace key is working or not. That will give you backspace capabilities in everything but emacs. Not working means when I tap the backspace it prints a white space in the terminal. If it is set to "^C" or "^\" it is your problem. Does a summoned creature play immediately after being summoned by a ready action? You'll see what code is sent as "erase". I added in braces how they behave on my system: I had the same problem, using bash in Gnome-Terminal. If it is working, it means that the issue is in the existing keyboard, not in the operating system. You should see something like "^ [foo". (I had the problem specifically when doing su -i). To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Changing the TERM variable to cygwin and adding SET TERM=cygwin to the .bat file didn't work for me, but I fixed it. I'm not planning downgrade ncurses. . Thank you, this worked for me -- previously, in Vim, my backspace key was moving back along the line but was not clearing the letters until I started typing. Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? Improve this answer. Added on Jan 19 2014. Thanks for pointing out the shortcomings of my previous answer. What is a word for the arcane equivalent of a monastery? I know it is strange. Why do many companies reject expired SSL certificates as bugs in bug bounties? So, if this does not work, it is worth trying out other below solutions. It only takes a minute to sign up. To get rid of the corrupted keyboard driver, simply uninstall the keyboard. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. To solve the backspace problem, type Code: $ stty erase ^H And if you want to go to the previous commands that you've typed, /sbin/sh does not provide this feature, you have to use bash, so type Code: $ bash This User Gave Thanks to gabam For This Post: Corona688 Login or Register to Ask a Question Previous Thread | Next Thread If there are any new updates, Windows 10 / 11 will be installing them. `Why doesn't the Backspace key generate BackSpace by default?' (i) Because the VT100 had a Delete key above the Enter key. The reason why Google did so was several complaints of losing data unintentionally as a result of pressing Backspace while not typing. If there is a hardware error, the problematic keyboard will work on another PC or laptop. Verify that the remote host shell TERM setting matches your terminal's term setting (localhost) and that the remote host supports the TERM setting. Is it known that BQP is not contained within NP? Please note 16.10 reached the end of its support cycle last month. Use # stty icanon to allow the "canonical (cooked) mode". To do this, put. Also Tab & del keys don't work too. Solved: Hi I am connecting my HP-UX thru Telnet using putty. I just installed Cygwin and the BACKSPACE functionality is not there, i.e. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. To enquire how your keys are mapped: stty -a Look at the "erase =" subsection. I run: And I found that doesn't work. Trying to delete characters in insert mode with the backspace key sometimes doesn't seem to work. Bash backspace deleting one word at a time. Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. I cant reproduce issue on my computer. Alternatively, just dont go full-width with your screen. export TERM=xterm will set the emulator to xterm. > > If "doesn't work" means something else (like funny characters being > printed on the screen) let me know. Windows keyboards also have a Delete key, but this deletes characters in a forward direction. This worked for me! Share. You can easily fix it by going to Settings > Text and images and turning off the Use slash commands and preview emojis, mentions, and markdown syntax as you type feature. @SomeCallMeTim: I was able to fix this issue by using Minty, cygwin behaves in very wierd manner at times. rev2023.3.3.43278. Are there tables of wastage rates for different fruit and veg? to `ansi`) seems to fix everything, but it's weirder than that: 78.1k 28 392 615. answered Sep 30, 2015 at 11:52. Disconnect between goals and daily tasksIs it me, or the industry? Switch to the Compatibility tab and you should get these options: Now you can change the Backspace key generates: setting. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? How do I align things in the following tabular environment? If that is not the issue: Open the Settings App Go to Update & Security - Troubleshoot Run the Keyboard troubleshooter If that does not resolve this for you Open Device Manager Expand the Keyboards section Right click your keyboard and choose 'Uninstall' Then restart your PC ___________________________________________________________________ But the terminal does seem to interpret \b (backspace) and \e[D (move one column left) correctly. I encountered this problem when I tried to add bash and use it in a distroless image. Is it possible to rotate a window 90 degrees if it has the same length and width? Uh oh new msys2-runtime breaks windows cmake, it cannot find itself after update. I used # stty -icanon to disable the 4k limit, but lost the ability to use backspace (erase). 0. The virtual keyboard works as the physical one and is likely to aid you in finding out why is the backspace not working on Windows 10. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. This is also the inference to draw when other keys do not work. When it comes to why my Backspace is not working in Chrome, MS Word, or Windows 10 / 11; it is required to troubleshoot the issue by scanning the related hardware as well as software. privacy statement. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, Enter the following in terminal and check what happens: export TERM=xterm. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Why do academics stay as adjuncts for years rather than move around? The Backspace key isn't something you normally think about too much, but sometimes you might find it doesn't work correctly in the terminal, especially when logged in to a remote machine, echoing "^H" instead of erasing what you've typed. $ TERM=xterm key. Say it is ^H. It should delete the highlighted part of the text. If you are wondering how to fix backspace key on windows 10/11 this should be the very first thing to try. The latter is possible when you use the virtual keyboards Backspace key. It resets all the special characters to their default values. The backspace doesn't work in the bash terminal of VS code. Share Improve this answer Follow answered Aug 23, 2010 at 6:39 CarpeNoctem 2,407 4 23 32 Add a comment Your Answer Acidity of alcohols and basicity of amines. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Most of us are aware of the on-screen keyboard or the virtual keyboard that Windows operating system provides. So its not working. This seems to happen with arrows and backspace. Similar to the Backspace key, you can fix the issue using the stty command if Tab doesn't work in the terminal. Apparently it was fixed for them after bash was updated, but I don't know it it was just rebuilt or maybe something else. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. terminal had problems with some control characters. 32 related questions found. presto precise digital pressure canner 12 quart minute math pdf; pipeline patrol pilot jobs colorado harbor freight fuel transfer pump; bladder lining shedding in urine teen movie archive porn; puberty porn girl Assuming you're using gnome-terminal as emulator, open the Edit manu and click on Profile preferences. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. If so, how close was it? I had exactly this. The user's problem with the terminal in a remote machine and the problem I faced in a docker container may be caused by the same issue, which is related to the terminfo (about terminfo). @elieux there are conflicts in cygwin headers, I do have the described issues as well. Thus, you need to replace the keyboard. Rebuild bash can fix the problem. Weve got you covered, so lets go through 8 ways to fix the problem: When it comes to fixing the Backspace key, there are a few solutions to execute. ether@jolteon MSYS /w What I don't understand though is why my shell handles backspace as expected, but reading from stdin in my app does not. I've emailed several times over the past year, but it doesn't seem like a priority. Thank you for the information. If you do not want to uninstall the driver, you can even try updating the driver by selecting Update driver from the context menu. bash terminal: can the find and make duplicate text be extended globally--Apple? How can this new ban on drag possibly be considered constitutional? Thanks for contributing an answer to Ask Ubuntu! Looks like the remote host does not support tmux-256color, the TERM value sent by tmux. TERM variable in source Why does my backspace key keep being unbound from erase? Thus, it is wise to use a tool such as Windows Defender or Malwarebytes for detecting malware intrusion. Backspace Not Working on VS Code's Bash Terminal, How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability. The reason the keys (generally) do not work out-of-the-box is partly lack of configuration (as you will see later, simply creating .inputrc/.cshrc already helps a lot) and a more difficult issue which I will try to describe below.. Even am stuck on the same issue and from minty also backspace functionality is not working. If you can't get that to work and most everything works properly except the backspace, you can reprogram "getty" on the host you connect to to recognize what you want, and here's how (this is the oldest, most common and most universal way of solving backspace/delete issues): You ssh or telnet to your host and in the host you run the stty command. host was set to rxvt-unicode-256color. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? If the key works, it means that your physical keyboard is somewhat damaged or broken. Changing `TERM` (e.g. The Linux console keyboard layout assigns keysym Delete to keycode 14 and keysym Remove to keycode 111. for Backspace. Isn't there a better fix for struct FILE? You can check what control characters the system uses with the stty command. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? When I ssh into another machine with Debian with my account(with sudo permissions), my backspace key generates some awkward symbols on pressing. I also know of other people bumping into this issue, which, again, is quite a dealbreaker. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. 3) Right-click on your keyboard software in the Keyboards section. What would work is to use two backspaces, which gives the non-intuitive correct result: 2. It is wise to try easy and basic solutions first. How can this new ban on drag possibly be considered constitutional? The easiest way (which did not work everytime while testing) is to simply reinstall terminfo and termcap via setup.exe, as mentioned here: Backspace does not work in Cygwin. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Ubuntu and the circle of friends logo are trade marks of Canonical Limited and are used under licence. The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, backspace not working, even after attempted fix, pkg-config on cygwin will not find the gsl package. Did this satellite streak past the Hubble Space Telescope so close that it was out of focus? Once you press [ENTER] you should be able to press your [BACKSPACE] key and have it backspace/delete whatever you typed. [1] 2. Assuming ncurses 6.1 may break binary compatibility, it would need a rebuild of all packages which use ncurses. I had a custom installed ncurses, that I removed. You can use set -o gmacs or set -o emacs if you want it to act like emacs, that means like bash default (you can also write set -o vi in bash so that it acts like the vi editor : ( Furthermore, with this mode, backspace is control-H 3) You can write export VISUAL=gmacs (or emacs) in your .profile and dot it again or reconnect. [rendering fine] If the Backspace key on the virtual keyboard is not working, it indicates that you need to update the keyboard driver or get rid of the windows 10 system error, if any. How do I get to know the value of TERM? Already on GitHub? How can I check if a program exists from a Bash script? If the issue is only with the Backspace key, you can try and disable the filter or sticky keys. (ii) Because Linus decided so. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. I noticed few missing files in msys2 filesystem package like the one that autoregenerates fstab, what was the reason this one was removed ? To avoid this, use VT100.backarrowKey: false instead, so: (see also https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xterm#Fix_the_backspace_key). Disconnect between goals and daily tasksIs it me, or the industry? Yes, you can use .editorconfig, but it doesn't apply to issues, README.md, etc. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Re: del and backspace no longer work. Ctrlv + backspace produces nothing For me, the backspace code is the same as. Make sure you replace foo with exactly what follows the ^ [. To open the virtual keyboard, go to Ease of Access keyboard settings and click Keyboard in the left panel. Browse other questions tagged. I am using tmux to force the error since it uses an relatively uncommon terminal config. How To Fix Backspace Key on Laptop/PC with Windows 10/11, Fix 2: Check the Backspace Functionality on Another Laptop or PC, Fix 6: Scan for viruses and Other Malware, More specific cases of not working backspace key, Backspace Not Working in Chrome to Delete Text, The Backspace Key is Not Working in Excel, The Backspace Key is Not Working on Discord, The Backspace Key is Not Working in Outlook. What terminal are you using? There are several different ways to set your backspace key when this happens. David holds a B.A. I'd like to fix this frequent problem where the shell on a remote server thinks my terminal's backspace key is ^? backspace problems, https://web.archive.org/web/20120621035133/http://www.ibb.net/~anne/keyboard/keyboard.html, https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xterm#Fix_the_backspace_key, How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability. ), 17 Best Makeshift Mousepads And Alternatives (2022 Update). Here is a patch I wrote which solves this issue, which was applied to 0.16.4 source but it should work on newer source with little tuning, let me know if you have problems. Not sure why it didn't previously, I guess I accidentally ran it in mingw env while now I did it in msys2 env. FWIW, my original /usr/bin/bash.exe is from 2017-02-15, so almost a year old, and building a fresh one (same version 4.4.12(1)-release (x86_64-pc-msys), using makepkg) did fix it for me. The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Let know if my zshrc (at the bottom) is incorrect or if there are incompatible plugins or keybinds listed. Additionally, the release notes say: hese notes are for ncurses 6.1, released January 27, 2018. Our journey has still to come to an end. If your Backspace key is not working in the current console, you may try the following ways to work around it: Ctrl + Backspace Ctrl + H Ctrl + ? Why are Suriname, Belize, and Guinea-Bissau classified as "Small Island Developing States"? I searched for issues with backspace key and i tried checking and unchecking iterm's "delete key sends ^H" option but it did not change backspace behavior. Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn? In my case, I had to switch from xterm-256color to xterm-88color and it is far better than other options. This is the only thing that worked for me, especially since if you have to SSH to a server (not all fixes will work) I used to add stty erase ^? Continue with Recommended Cookies. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. And what is the difference? edit - bash does build now. @Cyrus My Backspace works as I want it deletes last character always, even for this script from question without. Where does this (supposedly) Gibson quote come from? Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Fix 4: Reinstall the Keyboard Driver This is the solution to try if the Backspace key of the on-screen keyboard does not function. bash terminal ether@jolteon MSYS /w You can fix the Tab issue with the same as above. the following line in your .startup.tty file: stty erase "^H". How to make the prompt beep with every key press/character printed? After it's enabled, you can press Ctrl+Alt+Backspace to immediately restart your X server. It is useful when the physical keyboard has stopped working well. If you hit ^L you can see that backspace IS working. Something wrong with shell or termcap library on debian. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Is this possible? What if no code at all is sent? Ctrl + C Tags: Backspace Linux sqlplus Unix previous SQL Developer Change Language Never experienced your problem. Is it possible to create a concave light? Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Filter keys are useful for easier typing than normal by deterring the keyboard from focusing on repeated or brief strokes. What is the correct way to screw wall and ceiling drywalls? This should help. It's almost like the CMD shell that Cygwin is bound to is failing to interpret cursor movement. How do you ensure that a red herring doesn't violate Chekhov's gun? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. In short, it is available for use when your keyboard is not available. when in a cygwin, how can I display the windows folder where cygwin is installed? Did you ever resolve this? I'm seeing the same issue with a fresh Cygwin install. Lets check which terminals the remote host supports. Has 90% of ice around Antarctica disappeared in less than a decade? Instead need to find why it happen. You may have to edit several configuration files to tell all of the programs involved precisely what you want. For Working Professionals. Look in the archives - it has come up before. Can Martian regolith be easily melted with microwaves? How Much Storage Should a Gaming PC Have in 2022? :(. What sort of keyboard do you have? How to follow the signal when reading the schematic? http://linux-journal.blogspot.com/2005/04/fix-vim-backspace-doesnt-work.html, http://lifepluslinux.blogspot.in/2014/08/backspace-doesnt-work-in-vim-on-cygwin.html, How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability. Note that, @roaima @Kusalananda Thanks for pointing it out that OP didn't mention. $ TERM=xterm-256color Use the following command in SQL*PLUS : !stty erase <backspace> but instead of the <backspace> statement, simply press the backspace button and hit return with what it gives you. However, this does not impact our reviews and comparisons. Never even though to look at my login shell! To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Right-click anywhere in the Cygwin window, Mitty version = 1.2-beta1 (x86_64-pc-cygwin). I don't want to apply a bandaid by setting TERM variables to something other than what was working before my mishap. Thanks. If you have checked your keyboard and it is physically good, have checked and updated the keyboard drivers, and have detected no malware attack, it is time to update Windows 10 / 11 if the Backspace key is still not working. Have a question about this project? When you make a purchase using links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? This deletes the but I am getting: > ls foo.c ls: cannot access 'foo.c'$'\303': No such file or directory. This did not fix the issues.. however, it did allow me to then perform an update via the plugins manager which got me to version 0.1.11638 which resolved the backspace issue and gives the wonderful ERD. Then I set my TERM to xterm-256color which caused the issue to appear; downgrading ncurses to 6.0 fixes the issue. Arrow keys and backspace not working in bash after recent update, ignore package upgrades for certain packages, https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/57300?project=1&string=ncurses, [MSYS2] Term=xterm-256color does not support backspace and command history correctly, (cosmetic) xterm-256color is unreliable when using MinGW manually, https://forum.voidlinux.eu/t/solved-problems-after-todays-update/4553, ncurses: Fix double-free and prevent crash, Arrow keys broken in msys2 bash programs after installing Terminal, (fixed after rebuilding bash): editing keys don't work in CLI in bash with. Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box? Some more background to my problem/solution: I had a problem where I need to paste more than 4k characters. Ive seen a few people struggling with using the backspace key in Outlook (Exchange and Outlook.com). Please help. http://linux-journal.blogspot.com/2005/04/fix-vim-backspace-doesnt-work.html, Worked for me: In the Windows command prompt, type. I got linux on my PC and prefer the tcsh shell. Backspace, Tab not working in terminal (using ssh), cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-set-bash-as-your-default-shell, I followed the advice in this old reddit post, How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability. Well, in reality, this is not the reason. Look around putty's options menu for a "send hard reset" option as well. Just log in to the machine and type "stty erase " (note the space after "erase") and then hit the backspace key. You don't need to open tmux. If I set it to ^H or ^? And what's the output of the. (7 Things That Will Help You! Can Martian regolith be easily melted with microwaves? Can Martian regolith be easily melted with microwaves? With over 10 pre-installed distros to choose from, the worry-free installation life is here! ``` Unix & Linux Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of Linux, FreeBSD and other Un*x-like operating systems. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Luckily, the problem is rather easy to fix. Not working means when I tap the backspace it prints a white space in the terminal. Can I tell police to wait and call a lawyer when served with a search warrant? This is why stty isn't fixing things. (Solved! Get a virtual cloud desktop with the Linux distro that you want in less than five minutes with Shells! I reinstalled MSYS2 from scratch and updated all packages, no issue so far. In my real situation I have input from program, which doesn't call read. Thus, you should try one or all of them to get the key working again. is it possible in HP-UX HPE GreenLake Products Support Contact Dashboard Applications Devices Manage My cart Close Close HPE GreenLake Cloud Consoles If this is your case, check in the tmux config for: The above would set the environment variable TERM to "screen-256color", which would be used by the SSH client to communicate with the remote machine. How to have bash write two bash history files without changing bash source code? Bash shell: how to reconcile portable configuration files and GUI terminal start-up types (login or interactive)? Is a PhD visitor considered as a visiting scholar? Try this and see if the Backspace key works correctly. See some explanation here https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/131105/how-to-read-over-4k-input-without-new-lines-on-a-terminal. The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. If there are problems with cygwin, I even tried it from ubuntu terminal, but same problem. I have tried all 5 options but none of them fixed the issue. It's worth noting that you aren't getting "a space": It's failing to move the cursor back to erase the character. You should upgrade to 17.04 as soon as possible. Something tells me we should hold off on this version untill it becomes more stable. E.g. to your account. Whether you are a digital nomad or just looking for flexibility, Shells can put your Linux machine on the device that you want to use. The backspace works on the cmd terminal of VS code though. Share Improve this answer edited Jan 2, 2021 at 17:14 seminar 3 2 For some reason the color terminal setting I was using was present under my regular user ie file called .terminfo/x/xterm-24bit, but not under the root user. If it doesn't say "^H" this may be your problem. I have this issue as well. . The corrupted association between windows 10 and your physical keyboard is the reason why your Backspace key has stopped working. The linux console emulates a vt220 terminal which has the following key-mapping: Similar to the Backspace key, you can fix the issue using the stty command if Tab doesn't work in the terminal. This would be more helpful if it explained a little more and how to change it, but it was the problem I had. To fix this, you may need to uninstall the keyboard driver that is experiencing backspace not working problem and then reinstall the driver. So I'm stuck having to manually type stty erase [whatever] to fix it when I notice the backspace key is wrong. Fortunately, you can also fix this with the stty command. One correction to the information, is of their suggestion (for XTerm): While this will get XTerm to send the right character, and change stty to have backspace as ^?, it will still erroniously report ^H as backspace under some occasions, breaking i.e. You can check your TERM by running echo $TERM, but before you do this I suggest you restart your vscode as you have already set the TERM by using the command. In my case backspace was not at all working after creating blank ~/.vimrc. That link lacks info, but void linux appears to have had a similar issue: https://forum.voidlinux.eu/t/solved-problems-after-todays-update/4553 . Whether youre using a laptop or a PC computer, its quite annoying to have your key fail to work. Bash 4.4.0.19 fixes the editing key issues for me with xterm-256color, but this new issue remains (both with 4.4.0.12 after a rebuild and also with the pre-built 4.4.0.19 after the update): (Only after rebuilding bash): bash aborts after setting TERM to some dummy name, e.g. Google has wittingly removed this shortcut, beginning from version 52. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Why do many companies reject expired SSL certificates as bugs in bug bounties? Thanks! Problem with finding FILE strict is solved yesterday. Fixed it for me rebuilding ncurses against the new cygwin ssp allthough i had to hack about it a bit because the cygwin ssp bailed out with an error to find struct FILE. Would you mind sharing your build procedure? If you preorder a special airline meal (e.g. 9 Ways To Unlock Mac Keyboard (2022 Update), Right-click your keyboard driver or software and select. Login from Ubuntu and give me output of commands: 1. echo $TERM 2. stty -a, While this didn't directly help me, since TERM was correctly set, it did help identify the problem. Also the backspace key works perfectly fine on Git Bash. I can confirm the error. Getting Delete and Backspace to work just right is nontrivial, especially in a mixed environment, where you talk to console, to X, to bash, to emacs, login remotely, etc. Backspace versus Delete On a Windows keyboard, the backspace key deletes characters. Say it is ^H . My backspace key and zsh vi-mode are broken on command line when i use tmux. It only takes a minute to sign up. Data Structure & Algorithm Classes (Live) System Design (Live) DevOps(Live) Explore More Live Courses; For Students.

Talksport Presenters Wages, Native American Tools And Weapons, Jordan And Chloe First Dates Still Together, Mahtowa State Park, Articles B