Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Shias are the only sect eligible for the post of Speaker of Parliament. The two groups diverged after the death of Mohammed in the seventh century, when one side chose Abu Bakr, Mohammeds companion and adviser, to succeed him, and the other thought it should be Mohammeds son-in-law, Ali. Lebanon-Syria: lacking a treaty or other documentation describing the boundary, portions of the Lebanon-Syria boundary are unclear with several sections in dispute; in March 2021, Syria signed a contract with a Russian company for oil and gas exploration in a maritime area Lebanon claims as its own based on a 2011 map sent to the UN Historian Max Weiss underlines how "sectarian claims were increasingly bound up with the institutionalization of Shi'i difference. [39], When the French entered Nabatieh in 1918, they barred the local populace from carrying out political activity. [67] In the mid-1980s, several hundred Isma'ilis were thought to still live in a few communities scattered across several parts of Lebanon. [43] This led to the establishment of several private Shia schools in Lebanon, among them The Charitable Islamic mili Society (al-Jamiyya al-Khayriyya al-Islmiyya al-miliyya) in Beirut and The Charitable Jafari Society (al-Jamiyya al-Khayriyya al-Jafariyya) in Tyre. Name of a friend of Prophet Muhammad. Although used for first names, names like Ismail can also serve as the last name. 1260), a Tanukhid emir from Mount Lebanon whom al-Yunini identified as a Shiite Muslim, and was buried in Karak Nuh. Members of the family also served as supervisors of the Mamuk army in Damascus. verset coranique pour attirer les femmes. Only Shiites would whip themselves with chains on the day of Ashura, to commemorate the murder of Ali and Hussein. [8], The Lebanese Sunni Muslims initially opposed the creation of the Lebanese state separated from Syria, where the majority of the population was also Sunni Muslim, and wanted the territory of present-day Lebanon to be incorporated within the so-called Greater Syria. [citation needed] Metawali, Metouali, or Mutawili, is an archaic term used to specifically refer to Lebanese Twelver Shias in the past. The Harfushes were first identified by late-Mamluk historian Ibn Tawq as muqaddams of the Anti-Lebanon mountain villages al-Jebbeh and Assal al-Ward as early as 1483, and later as deputies of Baalbek in 1498 by historians Ibn Homsi and Ibn Tulun. The Iturean Kingdom of Chalcis became vassal state of the Romans after they consolidated their rule over most of the Levant in 64 BC, and at their peak they managed to impose control on much of the Phoenician coast and Galilee including southern Lebanon, until the Romans fully incorporated them in 92 CE. Note that the following percentages are estimates only. 22. It is a variant of the surname Al-Amin, which means faithful or trustworthy. Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: ), historically known as matwila (Arabic: , plural of mutawlin ([Lebanese pronounced as metouali]) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role along Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. What does 222 mean in Bible? Sunnis dont accept the imams. [23] Husam ad-Din also participated in the Battle of Hattin and was one of the commanders of Saladin's right flank during the Siege of Acre in 11891191, according to Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani. In a 2013 interview the lead investigator, Pierre Zalloua, pointed out that genetic variation preceded religious variation and divisions: "Lebanon already had well-differentiated communities with their own genetic peculiarities, but not significant differences, and religions came as layers of paint on top. It is important to note that most villages and towns in Lebanon today have Aramaic names, reflecting this heritage. [75] However, a 2012 CIA study reports that the Shia Muslims constituted an estimated 27% of Lebanon's population. Lebanese Sunni Muslims (Arabic: ) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Sunni branch of Islam in Lebanon, which is one of the largest denomination in Lebanon tied with Shias. In the Bekaa, the illustrious Murtada family of Sayyid descent served as deputies of Baalbek throughout most of the period, and were named supervisors of the newly endowed Alid shrine of Sayyidah Zaynab near Damascus in 1366. . 27 febrero, 2023 . [34] The duo's first decisive battle took place in Lake Huleh in 1771, when the 10,000-strong Ottoman army of Uthman Pasha al-Kurji was virtually annihilated by the duo's forces; about 300-500 Ottoman soldiers survived the battle, and Uthman Pasha returned to Damascus with only 3 of his soldiers. It has been suggested that Ottoman-era persecution might have spurred them to leave for elsewhere in the region, though there is no record or evidence of any kind of large exodus. The Lebanese coast was mainly inhabited by Phoenician Canaanites throughout the Bronze and Iron ages, who built the cities of Tyre, Sidon, Byblos and Tripoli, which was founded as a center of a confederation between Aradians, Sidonians, and Tyrians. Shia Twelvers in Lebanon refers to the Shia Muslim Twelver community with a significant presence all over Lebanon including the Mount Lebanon (Keserwan, Byblos), the North (Batroun), the South, the Beqaa, Baabda District coastal areas and Beirut. [82], "Mutawl" redirects here. [41] lebanese sunni surnamesinchkeith house mental health team Consultation Request a Free Consultation Now. The term 'mutawili' is also the name of a trustee in Islamic waqf-system. However, the girls' school did not last long due to financial difficulties and traditional views, prompting Sayyid Sharafeddine to transfer the girls and teach them in his own home. Mustafa (Arabic: , romanized: Muaf) is one of the names of Muhammad, and the name means "chosen, selected, appointed, preferred", used as an Arabic given name and surname. Protect their lives and possessions as you do to your own. During the Iron Age, the Bekaa was dominated by the Aramaeans, who formed kingdoms nearby in Damascus and Hamath, and established the kingdom of Aram-Zobah where Hazael might have been born, and was later also settled by Itureans, who were likely Arabs themselves. On the other hand, only 4.7% of all Lebanese Muslims belong to haplogroup R1b, compared to 9.6% of Lebanese Christians. (The text on Shiite mosques, for example, will mention the imams.) Israeli vision and strategy nowadays is reduced to three goals: to maintain peace and tranquility along the Lebanese-Israeli border, which has been respected by both sides for the past 11 years;. [1] (However, in a country that had last census in 1932, it is difficult to have correct population estimates), The Lebanese Sunni Muslims are highly concentrated in Lebanon's capital city - Beirut (West Beirut /or Beirut II), as well as Tripoli, Sidon, Western Beqaa, and in the countryside of the Akkar, Arsal. In recent years, the group has been implicated in sectarian violence such as the 2005 assassination of Lebanese Sunni leader Rafiq Hariri, and forty-nine of its operatives were arrested in the Sinai in late 2008. Once empowered by the authority of the former Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri since the end of the Lebanese Civil war in 1990, after his assassination in 2005 the Sunni community in Lebanon was left leaderless, with no backbone, and getting gradually alienated from political power. Only by this can you face the conspiracy and put an end to the civil strife.[36]. Unlike the Druze, the Shiite emirs were regularly denounced for their religious identity and persecuted as Qizilbash heretics per Ebussuud Efendi's definitions. shia surnames in pakistan. [2], Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Sunni notables traditionally held power in the Lebanese state together, and they are still the only ones eligible for the post of Prime Minister. Ismail (Arabic/Hebrew origin) meaning "to be heard by God". [81], Haplogroup J2 is also a significant marker throughout Lebanon (29%). The last census in Lebanon in 1932 put the numbers of Sunnis at 22% of the population (178,100 of 791,700). [74] More recently, in 2022 the CIA World Factbook estimated that Shia Muslims constitute 31.2%[1] of Lebanon's population.[76][1]. The Isma'ilis of Wadi al-Taym and Jabal Shuf were among those who converted before the movement was permanently closed off a few decades later to guard against outside prying by mainstream Sunni and Shia Muslims, who often viewed their doctrines as heresy. [9], Sunni Muslims and Alawites have been in conflict with each other for centuries. lebanese sunni surnames. [12] [36] Furthermore, Maronite newspapers had negatively depicted the Shiite groups, often as murderers and pillagers. As many as four people are believed to have been killed. gip cc bn hiu r hn v cch xem cu l ti trang soicauhay.com ny th mi ngi nn c hng dn y nh. And when a popular Sunni figure is strangely abducted and arrested by Lebanon's General Security Service an organization linked to the Hezbollah militia that, in turn, is linked to the Syrian government the Alawites become the whipping boys. Its not easy. Hezbollah confirmed that two people were dead. [28] Ebussuud's fatws labeled the Qizilbash, regardless of whether they lived on Iranian or Ottoman soil, as "heretics", and declared that killing them would be viewed as praiseworthy. [21][22] Shias in the Bekaa valley remained under Muslim rule and were on good terms with Bahramshah (11821230), who welcomed a prominent Shia scholar from Homs in the city in 1210s, a gesture that "gave morale to the Shiites living in the nahiyah (of Baalbek)". [63], The syncretic beliefs of the Qarmatians, typically classed as an Isma'ili splinter sect with Zoroastrian influences, spread into the area of the Beqaa valley and possibly also Jabal Shuf starting in the 9th century. The Hamadas of northern Mount Lebanon, spearheading a rather much smaller community, were in a virtually continuous state of conflict with the Ottomans between 1685 and 1700. The Shiites gradually grew more accepting of Greater Lebanon due to various sectarian and non-sectarian reasons. [43] While several Shia educational institutions were established before and at the beginning of the mandate period, they often ran out of support and funding which resulted in their abolishment. [11] As the Muslim conquest of the Levant reached Lebanon, these Arab tribes received the most power which encouraged the non-Arabic-speaking population to adopt Arabic as the main language. [13] Najm ad-Din and his guerillas reportedly kidnapped and ambushed Mongols at night, and would often adopt pseudonyms to conceal their identities. [66], The Aga Khan IV made a brief stop in Beirut on 4 August 1957 while on a global tour of Nizari Isma'ili centres, drawing an estimated 600 Syrian and Lebanese followers of the religion to the Beirut Airport in order to welcome him. ANWAR AMRO/AFP/Getty Images. Post author: Post published: junho 10, 2022 Post category: cypress if element is visible Post comments: are baby wipes fsa eligible 2021 are baby wipes fsa eligible 2021 [14], Nasir Khusraw gives the earliest accounts for Tyre and Tripoli during his visit in 1047, describing both cities as majority Shia Muslims with dedicated Shia shrines on the outskirts. Not to be confused with, E. G. Hardy, Roman Laws and Charters, New Jersey 2005, p.95, "March for secularism; religious laws are archaic", "Fadlallah Charges Every Sect in Lebanon Except his Own Wants to Dominate the Country", "Aspects of Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Lebanon", The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, "Education and Reconfiguring Lebanese Shii Muslims into the Nation-State during the French Mandate, 192043", Completing The Task Of Evicting Israel From Lebanon, "Report: Hizbullah Training Shiite Syrians to Defend Villages against Rebels Naharnet", "Pressures in Syria affect Alawites in Lebanon The National", "Lebanon: Displaced Allawis find little relief in impoverished north", "Lebanon: Displaced families struggle on both sides of sectarian divide", "Syrian violence finds its echo in Lebanon", "Isma'ili Da'wa and Politics in Fatimid Egypt", "International Religious Freedom Report for 2011", "Lebanon 2008 2009: Towards a Citizen's State", "War with Israel interrupts rare industrial success story", "2012 Report on International Religious Freedom Lebanon", "Contemporary distribution of Lebanon's main religious groups", "A Genetic History of the Near East from an aDNA Time Course Sampling Eight Points in the Past 4,000 Years", Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events, "Influences of history, geography, and religion on genetic structure: the Maronites in Lebanon", "Genomic History of Neolithic to Bronze Age Anatolia, Northern Levant, and Southern Caucasus", "Continuity and Admixture in the Last Five Millennia of Levantine History from Ancient Canaanite and Present-Day Lebanese Genome Sequences", The Shia Rulers of Banu Ammar, Banu Mardas and the Mazidi, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lebanese_Shia_Muslims&oldid=1142608348, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 10:57. A man named Omar, Abu Bakr, or Yazid would almost certainly be a Sunni, since these names correspond to the opponents of the first imams and the major villains of Shiite history. [28] Entering the conflict as virtually the most powerful taxlord dynasty of the entire Syrian coastlands, the campaign left the Hamadas physically broken and politically dependent on Ahmad Ma'n. The years-long siege of Tripoli and the brutal aftermath of its fall caused an influx outside of Tripoli. (1) Reduced Drug Imports, Lebanese emigrants 815,000 in three decades, SYRIA JOINS CHINAS BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE. The Levant fell to the Ottomans in 1516, bringing about a new period in the region. In the 2006 Lebanon War, Israeli warplanes bombed the factory of the Maliban Glass company in the Beqaa valley on 19 July. What does Mustafa mean in Arabic? It is also commonly used to refer to a Muslim religious scholar. [28], Zahir's military potential was significantly boosted by the backing of 10,000 Shiite fighters, noted by a French consul as "excellent fighters",[28] who aided him against the sieges and assaults of the governors of Damascus, and participated in fifteen subsequent campaigns against his foes. But Sunni bitterness toward Hezbollah runs deeper. For example, the middle-class of predominantly urban Sunni areas expressed their demands for educational reforms through petitions directed towards the French High Commissioner and the League of Nations. The jurisdiction of the Ottoman Empire was merely nominal in the Lebanon. A weekend curfew had been put in place to de-escalate the strife between Sunnis and Shiites that boiled over after the bombing of an important Shiite shrine. (Yazid, for example, is said to have assassinated Hussein.) This name is based on the Arabic word Muhammad, meaning praiseworthy. The diverse attributes are seen in everyday living in Lebanon. One of the names of prophet. lebanese sunni surnames. Lebanese Sunni have accused security forces of heavy-handed tactics By Lina Sinjab BBC News, Tripoli, Lebanon Sitting in a dark corner of a poorly furnished apartment in the Bab al-Tabbaneh. Furthermore, unlike Christians whose affairs were run by the millet system and were recognized as religious communities (e.g. in north india, the community are known as ansari or . Al-Jazzar was initially on good terms with Nassif, but their alliance reached a bad point some time in 1781. BEIRUT/AMMAN (Reuters) - A club of former Lebanese prime ministers said on Sunday they endorsed the choice of another former premier, Najib Mekati, to form a new government in yet another attempt. Sectarian violence in Iraq last week resulted in 379 deaths and 458 wounded, the Iraqi government announced on Tuesday. 35. [13] Al-Yunini identifies other notable Shia individuals from Baalbek in this period, including Muhammad bin Abi al-Hasan (11981278) from Baalbek, a battle-hardened fris and amir of 20 soldiers who fought the crusaders and Mongols; and Muhammad bin Muwaffaq al-Tanukhi (fl. In addition to their different narrative of Islam, the Ottomans suspected Shias of being a stalking horse for the Safavids, and often derogatorily referred to them as Qizilbash. [5], The Sunnis of Lebanon have close ties with Saudi Arabia, who supports them financially. The family ruled most of Safed, Jabal Amel and occasionally Wadi al-Taym. [31] The 18th century French orientalist comte de Volney who visited Lebanon toward the late 1780s described Lebanese Shiites as a "distinct society",[32] and a 19th century British traveler observed that they were hated by Persians as Arabs, and by Turks and Arabs as Shiites, a predicament which was not shared by any other group.[31]. The majority of Afghans are Sunni Muslims, while a minority are Shia Muslims. 556 Sunni members registered in Beirut (Msaytbeh, Mazraa, Bachoura), Saida (Maksar el-Abd, Wastani, Dekerman, Qanayi, Kinan), and Ketermaya (Chouf). 4 4 Prithvi Singh Student of Islam Author has 1.7K answers and 1.5M answer views 3 y Related How do you identify a member of the Shia Muslim minority in India? [25], A decade later in 1781, Shia autonomy in Jabal Amel similarly diminished under Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (17761804), nicknamed the butcher. [80] Genetic studies have shown that there are no significant genetic differences between Lebanese Muslims and non-Muslims. In the Levant, the Qarmatians were ordered to be stamped out by the ruling Fatimid, themselves Isma'ilis and from whom the lineage of the modern Nizari Aga Khan is claimed to descend. [6][7] Moreover, Tripoli, the stronghold of the Lebanese Sunnis, is also the birthplace of Lebanon's Salafi Movement. For example, discussions about the mourning of the martyrdom of Imam Husain during Ashura, which was a clandestine affair before the 1920s and 1930s, led to its transformation into a public ceremony.[50]. Shiite holy men wear either a black or a white turban (depending on their lineage) and a robe. Trn y l tng hp nhng con l c nhiu anh ch em ca website soi cu hay chn chi nht trong ngy hm nay, con s cng ng u th n cng c nhiu ngi tham gia chi nht v gim dn theo tng con s. Ultra -religious Sunnis and Shiites are much more easily distinguished. 1221), one of Baalbek's few Shia scholars at the time, took the initiative and retreated to the slopes of Mount Lebanon, where he was joined by ten thousand guerillas according to 13th century historian al-Yunini, a number surely exaggerated. lebanese sunni surnamesmichelle fleury ancestry. Forty years in the wilderness, away from the flesh-pots of Egypt, had entailed harsh habits, the counted date and the hoarded water; nor had a thousand years in the wilderness of a Christian world, where only the secret treasure was safe, encouraged display; but the world was altering, the desert was flowering; in stray corners here and there . Although there is common ancestral roots, these studies show some difference was found between Muslims and non-Muslims in Lebanon, of whom only 17.1% have this haplotype. [68] Though they are nominally counted among the 18 officially-recognised sects under modern Lebanese law,[69] they currently have no representation in state functions[70] and continue to lack personal status laws for their sect, which has led to increased conversions to established sects to avoid the perpetual inconveniences this produces. "The Metoualis are almost annihilated due to their revolts; their name is soon to be extinct".[32]. [36], After violence subsided, Mehmed Fuad Pasha appointed the Shiite leader Ali al-As'ad to a commission to investigate the causes of the civil war, and put him in charge of maintaining order in eastern Lebanon, around Damascus and in Hauran. ), the Shiites were not recognized as a community nor as a distinct religious sect by the Ottomans. Lebanese policymakers have struggled to come to terms with the phenomenon of Islamic radicalization in a country where Sunnis make up roughly a quarter of the population and for decades have lived side by side with Christians, Shia, and other Muslim sects. Insurgency continued until the end of al-Jazzar's rule in 1804, and famously involved Faris al-Nassif, Nassif al-Nassar's son. These feudal families frequently quarrelled with the Ottoman governors to maintain autonomy over their territories. Is Afghanistan considered Arab? This angered the French, who encouraged an unsuccessful assassination attempt against him. According to a CIA 2018 study, Lebanese Sunni Muslims constitute an estimated 30.6% of Lebanon's population. [14] According to al-Muhajir, this Shiite presence in the Bekaa was later reinforced by migrants from Mount Lebanon following the Mamluk and Ottoman campaigns against Shiites in the 14th and 17th centuries respectively, as well as migrants from the Shia villages in Anti-Lebanon Mountains, where the Harfush dynasty originated from. Local analysis often stresses that the growth of Sunni extremism in Lebanon is the . situs link alternatif kamislot Maronites, Rum Christians, Protestant Christians etc. lifeguard air ambulance new mexico . Many Southerners went to Syria to participate, whereas in the Beqaa Valley battle spread to the Qalamoun Mountains and Akroum, where according to eye-witness accounts Shiites took more than 400 rifles and fifty horses as booty from French forces. The ansaris now reside in most countries of south asia with large populations in india, pakistan, bangladesh and nepal. [19], Further east in the Bekaa valley, sources are scarce and generally uninformative. [42] Shia leaders and religious clergy supported educational reforms in order to improve the social and political marginalization of the Shia community and increase their involvement in the newly born nation-state of Lebanon. Malik, Maleek, Malek or Malyk (Arabic: or ) is a given name and surname. For example: Salman Khan, Mohammed Ismail, Syed Irshad, Sadiq Baig. Where as with Sunni they have surnames like Mohammed,Syed,Ahmed,Baig, Khan and more. [12] [36], Following the outbreak of the 1860 civil war, the conflict in Mount Lebanon had affected neighbouring areas. Later in 1921, this period of unrest ended with a political amnesty offered by the French mandate authorities for all Shiites who had joined the riots, with the intention to bind the Shia community in the South of Lebanon to the new Mandate state. Sunni clerics in Iraq rarely don a black turban, and the white headpieces they do wear look markedly different from the Shiite versions. "[48] This meant that the Shiite Ja'fari jurisprudence or madhhab was legally recognized as an official madhhab, and held judicial and political power on multiple levels.